Odysseus By Homer Essays (813 words) - Greek Mythology, Mythology

Odysseus By Homer Odysseus by Homer The Odyssey, composed by Homer, recounts to the narrative of Odysseus andhow he confronted hardship in his endeavors to get back after the Trojan war. Odysseus isn't renowned for his incredible quality or courage, however for his capacity to bamboozle and deceive. From his disasters he figured out how to be a superior man and got ready to recapture his place in his country of Ithaca. During his excursions Odysseus regularly tragically brags to his adversaries yet discovers that doing this allows his foes to look for retribution against him. In the wake of leaving Troy, Odysseus assaults the place where there is the Cicones. Rather than leaving after his triumph he satys to celebrate until a power is accumulated against him. He should then escape after a considerable lot of his men are slaughtered. A short time later Odysseus and his team land on the island of the Cyclops. they are assaulted and someof the men are eaten by Polyphemus. In the wake of getting the goliath Cyclops alcoholic, Odysseus and his medn daze the beast with a lance in his one eye. The could have made a break without disaster yet Odysseus ridiculed Polyphemus and yelled his genuine name, when before Odysseus had revealed to Polyphemus that his name was Noman. With this new data Polyphemus appeals to his dad, Peoeidon, to have Odysseus and his men rebuffed. since he agnered Peoceidon, Odysseus must meander all through the ocean while his men gradually kick the bucket individually. Odysseus discovers that boasting can have sick impacts and uses this information on the island of Phaecians and Ithaca when he doesn't straightforwardly gloat about his deeds and his excursions. Odysseus additionally figures out how to give close consideration to the directions of the divine beings, or he may need to confront a horrible cost. At the point when Odysseus and his group arrived at the island of Aeolus, they were given a splitting blessing that would have helped on the off chance that they had focused on the alerts of Aeolus. He gave Odysseus a pack brimming with the awful breezes tha would keep them from their home of Ithaca. Odysseus and his group were in sight of the country they had stood by so long to see, when a hand of agitator crew members opened the pack, since they thought it contained fortunes, making an incredible storm that blew them back to Aeolus. At the point when Aeolus saw this he accepted that Odysseus was reviled and ousted him from the island. this isn't the main time Odyseus was sold out by his men and endured an extraordinary cost. At the point when they arrived on the island of Hyperion, terrible breezes kept them from leaving. Food before long turned out to be low, and when Odysseus was sleeping, the group slaughtered the dairy animals of Hyperion against the divine beings alerts. Hyperion was maddened to see this and had the entirety of Odysseus' men slaughtered in an extraordinary tempest. Odysseus discovers that the divine beings must be regarded all together for any man to succeed. On the island of the Cicones, and with his experience with Polyphemus, Odysseus discovers that gloating can bring incredible incident. On Ithaca Odysseus never gloats to the admirers and can go into his home with the Antinous and different admirers knowing his genuine character. He takes the discipline of Antinous and different admirers without saying a word and can see the individuals who have attacked his home. Odysseus can see who is faithful and who isn't and render his retribution with the admirers never knowing who he was until the last second. Odysseus additionally figures out how to regard the divine beings. at the point when he arrived on Aesea, the island of CIrce, he adheres to the directions given to him by Hermes with the goal that he can beat Circe and free his men. Odysseus adheres to the guidelines that Circe had given him intently, entering and leaving hades without mishap and utilizing wax in the ears of his cre to pass the Sirens. Odysseus improves as a man all thr ough his excursions and is beer to come back to his country to recover his realm. Subsequent to going through years with the goddes Calypso Odysseus is offered a decision of either living on the island with Calypso and turning out to be eternal like the divine beings, or he could retun to his better half and nation and be

Field Study of Cockington Green Gardens †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Examine about the Field Study of Cockington Green Gardens. Answer: Presentation Field work or field look into is an assortment of data assembled from lab, library and work environment settings. Pierre Bourdieu assumed an inescapable job in the general advancement of the hands on work in human science. The fieldworks are for the most part focused on the monetary and social components of the human culture (Swift, 2017). Moreover, he additionally proposed a few hypotheses on how the social operators work (Ball, 2013). The report illuminates a field investigation of Cockington Green Gardens that is directed with the point of knowing the turn of events, structure and the public activity of a specific arrangement of people inside the give place, social collaborations and examples of connections and the working of the human culture, on the loose. Perception As per three and a half hour perception, we found that an aggregate of thirty two individuals visited the Cockington Green Gardens in the wake of buying tickets. The ticket cost is 19.5 Australian dollars per individual and the family ticket is 45 Australian dollars for three individuals. Consequently, a perception made here is that the individual tickets are more expensive than a family ticket of three people. Around fourteen vehicles were there in the nursery, which included two BMW, three Toyota, four Holden, one Ford, two Honda, one Audi and one Volkswagen. As per individual impression, the vehicles were very tasteful and costly. Along these lines, it gives point by point data with respect to the societal position of the guests present there. I watched scarcely any resolutions of the creatures like ostriches and kangaroos spoke to the physical highlights present at the spot. There is a caf next to the sculptures which gives a thought of grasping the general significance of mother earth and in a manner it is a place of interest. Also, the bright blossoms and green plants inside the cafs situations were being taken acceptable consideration and what's more, the caf offered great settlement administrations. Besides, it offered next to no carbonated beverages as it concentrated on regular fixings more than counterfeit ones. Moreover, regular milk frozen yogurts were being served at the caf. The parking garage was grimy as opposed to being solidified. Last yet not the least; the caf had all the more family guests and elderly individuals in it, as opposed to the individual ones. It gave a feeling that the caf grasped harmony and families more. Highlights The Cockington Green Gardens is a kind of a recreation center which had miniatures in it. It is essentially a family claimed property which has more than four age possession. The general setting of the recreation center is absolutely founded on nature and mother earth. The recreation center is structured so that it grasped a cool and created condition that is a lot of essential for the sake of entertainment, contemplating and furthermore unwinding. Dominant part of the components that was available in the nursery are a lot of huge for deciphering the general setting of the recreation center. It comprises of different scaled down structures of various styles and structures, plans and shapes. Different highlights which draw in the visitors are different sculptures of creatures and winged animals, speaking to them as an unavoidable piece of mother earth. Also, numerous trees and greeneries are available in the nurseries, speaking to vegetation just as ranch. The controllable machines which are available on the ground give a depiction of human contribution, improvement and development for Mother Nature. In addition, numerous guests were available at the spot, who gave a thought of the social statuses from where they have a place. It offered an impression concerning the public activity of people. This kind of nurseries and smaller than expected parks gives a thought of the development of human life and their inclusion, improvement and advancement on mother earth. Key entertainers I saw that the sorts of individuals present there were generally the relatives as opposed to people. The ticket cost for the relatives is additionally not exactly the individual ones. This spoke to that the recreation center grasped relatives more than people or couples. Furthermore, the guests generally purchased their own vehicles, which spoke to that they had a place with the higher class of the general public. Additionally, the relatives and their children were a lot of steady all through the perception. They were quick to realize what was happening and partook in a positive way and took a functioning part in it. Association From our perceptions it tends to be deciphered that the Cockington Green Gardens was primarily being gone to by the families just as couples. The recreation center in any case, gave extraordinary proposals to the relatives and it focused on a specific class of individuals. The families needed their children to take in something from the recreation center encompassed by Mother Nature. The individuals present their nearly had a place with a similar public activity example and structure, which represented riches and individuals having some additional penny for restful exercises. Furthermore, Cockington Green Gardens additionally gave some settlement administrations which are just connected with the individuals having a place with the well off economic wellbeing. Besides, dominant part of the perceptions were made intently in connection with the magnificence of mother earth, nature, condition, environment and farming too. The green vegetation and ranches were encircled by different trees and maize. Plant specialists are additionally present at the spot, who takes great consideration and keeps up the recreation center, which exceptionally spoke to the public activity of the individuals living there. The recreation center is very much organized and it acknowledges just as suits the affection for horticulture and nature also. Different observables are the sculptures of different animals, cultivating machines, pontoons put in cool water and others. The sculptures of kangaroos and different creatures spoke to that they are a significant piece of mother earth. The sculptures of cultivating machines and vessels spoke to how people have developed. End The perceptions that were being made in the whole venture opened our psyches and are viewed as significant for understanding the public activity of individuals. It additionally helped us in picking up information and encounters. It empowered us in understanding different parts of life and in addition, it helped us in connecting with into cultural exercises. The general task end up being valuable for us. References Ball, S. J. (Ed.). (2013).Foucault and instruction: Disciplines and information. Routledge. Quick, D. F. (2017).The humanism of instruction: early on expository perspectives(Vol. 54). Routledge. Akanle, O., Adebayo, A. A. (2013). Humanism of Development.Essentials of Sociology, 395-412. Andersen, M. L., Taylor, H. F. (2012).Sociology: the fundamentals. Nelson Education. Brinkerhoff, D. B., Ortega, S. T., Weitz, R. (2013).Essentials of humanism. Cengage Learning. Little, W., McGivern, R., Kerins, N. (2016).Introduction to Sociology-second Canadian Edition. BC Campus. Ritzer, G. (2015).Essentials of Sociology. Sage Publications. Wolfe, C., Callahan, J. S. (2017). Prologue to humanism.

Native-speaker And Non-native-speaker Teachers Of English Essay

Native-speaker And Non-native-speaker Teachers Of English Essay Native-speaker And Non-native-speaker Teachers Of English â€" Essay Example > IntroductionEnglish has become one of the fastest growing languages being taught and spoken around the world. Its spread started in the 19th century. Alastair (1998) notes that, this time was a time for the British to marvel at their own greatness due to the global spread of their language. Guest, 1838/1882) (as quoted by Alastair) noted that English was becoming among the greatest tools of civilization. It’s noted that it was being used in Africa, islands of Pacific, hindoo, among other countries and continents. Jacob Grimm is quoted by trench (1881) stating that English language had grown to be used globally, and may as well be called a world language. Claiborne (1983) notes that, English is spoken by more than 300 million people as their native language, the second largest language in the world after the mandarin Chinese. Currently, the rise of families, students, business people among others immigrating to foreign countries requires that they learn English for effective comm unication. It is argued that both native speakers of English and non-native speakers of English have much to offer as teachers of English to speakers of other languages. In this regard, this assignment will explore several contexts of ESL/EFL in which teachers of native speakers of English and no-native speakers of English. This will include the consideration of the kind of knowledge, skills and attitude which are necessary for an English teacher to take on board when teaching English in specific contexts. ENGLISH AS A SECOND LANGUAGE/ FOREIGN LANGUAGECurrently, most institutions in countries that English speaking countries teach the language as a foreign language or second language to its students. TEACHING ENGLISH AS A SECOND LANGUAGE (ESL)Teaching English as a Second Language usually means teaching English in a country where English is already the main or official language. Usually, countries such as The United States, Canada, The United Kingdom and Australia are an example of locations to teach ESL. This is usually experienced when people migrate into another county where their native language is not spoken, or is not used for education. These people may enter into these countries for business missions, seminars, or migrate, and are faced with the challenge of learning English for their daily communication with other people in the country. Usually, such people may enter the country with advanced or with only the Basic English. They may want their children to join the local schools and are required to learn the language to attain the level appropriate to their age or country’s standards. A teacher who lives and teach English in an already English speaking country can be referred to as teaching English as a second language (www. teaching-esl-to-adults. com)TEACHING ENGLISH AS A FOREIGH LANGUAGE(EFL)English as a Foreign Language (EFL) refers to teaching English in countries where English is not the major language, or the official language. Examples of s uch countries include countries like Thailand, China, Korea, among others. In this case, students study English in their own native countries as part of their school curriculum or as a requirement for immigration or travelling abroad.

Societys Benefits From The Internet Essay - 1279 Words

Before the invention of the internet, we would have to call one store after another to try to get the best price on a major purchase. When we did buy something, it was not from the convenience of our own home. We stood in line at the bank during â€Å"bankers’ hours†. As for finding information, we either did not find the information we needed or did so only through great effort and expense. We also were more isolated as individuals because of the barriers of time and distance. On the whole, it is clear that the internet has benefited society by allowing for easier communication and access to data. In particular, communication and access to data has been eased through the use of: the various forms of: networking; the web; and browsers.†¦show more content†¦This was a great advantage over having to mail a letter and wait for a response or make a comparatively expensive telephone call with the hope that your party is available. Another example of networking is â€Å"Packet Switching†. Packet Switching is the process of taking numerous files and combining them into a â€Å"Packet† to be sent in a space-saving way to another host/person. This enables files that were once too large to be sent over a network to actually be sent and received within a reasonable timeframe. Some common examples of data transferred in compressed form are downloaded movies, photographs, and software. Aside from networking, another part of the internet, and particularly the web, allows for faster communication and access to data. The web is a system of Internet servers that support specially formatted documents. The documents are formatted in a markup language called HTML (HyperText Markup Language). Through the use of this computer language, the internet has become a fundamental building block upon which to create a society that is fully benefitting from the internet. In particular, the web facilitates communication and data availability by allow ing the user to access information from a location other than the location where the data is stored, all without the trouble and delays of having to travel or mail a hard copy. One example of the faster communication and access to data allowedShow MoreRelatedTechnology Is Ruining Society779 Words   |  4 Pagesinstead they devote countless hours on various electronics ranging from tablets and computers to phones and TV’s. These inventions often show explicit and inappropriate material which corrupts children, and are slowly ruining society’s social skills. Various electronics are frequently used to go on pointless websites, such as Twitter and Facebook, which ruin society’s social abilities. More and more people use social media on the internet as a communication source. This does not apply merely to kids andRead MoreInternet Security Why Bother?859 Words   |  4 PagesInternet Security†¦ why bother? Internet technology has bestowed upon society a new norm, one that brought about both social and economic benefits. Communication and informal relationships reached higher heights with persons connecting with distant and ‘long lost’ family and friends, through email and social media. Businesses themselves have also benefited from this technology. They saw their demographic expand overnight from local, to regional and international clientele. However in parallel to anRead MoreThe History and Technology of the Computer in the Nineteenth Century1590 Words   |  7 Pagessociety; but, has also developed a variety of new technologies along with its advancements. These advancements include software capabilities and Internet access. The computer has also had a big impact on cultural and social changes over the decades from the invention and technology of computers. One of the biggest advancements that became available from the invention of the computer was computer software. Computer software is known as the computers program that works in union with the computer’sRead MoreTechnology : A Scapegoat For Human Flaw1444 Words   |  6 Pagesincorporating it into everyday lives is a more efficient cure for our human flaws and society’s growing use of technology. The human struggle for productivity can be facilitated with the help of the many technological tools available to people. At face value, the issue with technology can be quickly summed up by concluding that technology is detrimental to people’s focus and productivity, yet this ignores the many indispensable benefits of current technology. Samuel calls for what can be described as a changeRead MoreMaximizing the Corporate Objective with the Stakeholder Theory1039 Words   |  4 Pagesvalue by helping managers better understand the drivers of shareholder value, it should not be used as a performance measurement and incentive compensation system because it fails to provide a single valued score, a clear way of distinguishing superior from substandard performance. This concept examines the role of the corporate objective function in increasing corporate productivity, social welfare, and the accountability of managers and directors. Because it is logically impossible to maximize in moreRead MoreTechnology and Social Change1197 Words   |  5 Pagestraumatic event that took place, culture of the society and even the geographical location. Technology alone does not cause social change, but it is highly characterized related in different aspect of society across the world. It is inevitable to escape from social change because the society is continuously advancing in order to extend human capabilities by the use of different tools, equipment, and innovative software. The Pace of Technology, magazine article by Ron Johnston, states â€Å"Much of innovationRead MoreThe Effects Of Digital Media On Society s Media1714 Words   |  7 Pagestelevisions constantly give out messages to promote products, attitudes, and ideas in an attempt to influence a udiences. The effect is further enhanced when digital media, particularly the Internet, enters the competition for the limited supply of audience attention. The saturated mass media industry no longer has the benefit of reach it used to have, especially with millennials, in this attention economy filled with fragmented audiences (Webster Ksiazek 2012). More businesses and marketers have turnedRead MoreComputers and the Internet Have Touched Almost All Aspects of Life.1051 Words   |  5 Pagesand the Internet have touched almost all aspects of life. It is rare to come across a business or household that does not experience routine use of a computer in some shape or form. Technology has allowed people to have higher levels of convenience and proficiency. Many people today would find it very difficult to go back to an age where computers were not in existence. In addition, society has become accustomed to on-demand answers or solutions to requests or services and the Internet is the platformRead MoreThe Internet s Impact On Social Capital1375 Words   |  6 Pagesnew technology, individuals have astounding control over the foundations of social value. One of the most powerful tools to mold these foundations is the Internet. After its creation in the 1950s, the Internet has witnessed excessive and continuous growth. As more and more people become part of the Internet’s population its power to shape society’s capital. To examine this power the definition of social capital must be clarified. Former president of the American Political Science Association, RobertRead MoreMarketing Analysis And Market Segmentation1043 Words   |  5 Pagesa patron. Marketing links society’s material requests with the economic patterns of successful response. According to an article â€Å"Marketing satisfies these needs and wants through exchange processes and building long-term relationships.† There are a few approaches to marketing that include: relationship marketing which focuses on the customer, business or industrial marketing that focus on the organization or institution, and social marketing which focus on benefits to society. In my last paper

Why I Am A Liberal Arts Education - 1123 Words

A liberal arts education encourages freedom by allowing students to grow individually and academically. Before I read the summer reading packet, I did not know this. By reading the packet, I understand what it means to be liberally educated at Loras College. The freedom and growth that I will experience through the liberal arts at Loras will allow me to become better-rounded as an individual. Because of this, I will have learned how to be a critical thinker and learner, see the whole picture of why I am learning what I am learning, and connect and use what I have learned to other aspects of life. I believe that through the liberal arts I will learn how see deeper into what I have learned, know the true reason of why I am learning what I am learning, expanding my knowledge by having a well-rounded education, and use that in real-world situations to better myself and society. Throughout my educational experience, I have been presented with different educational and social challenges th at I have had to overcome to prepare me for where I am at now at Loras College. My family has moved to different towns and school districts several times during my 13 years of education. We moved because of my father’s occupations in school administration. By starting as a teacher then moving up the ranks to being a principal, and eventually becoming a superintendent, my father has shown me the true meaning of achieving a goal and understanding why my family is where we are at today inShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of A Liberal Arts Education972 Words   |  4 PagesWhen I applied to college, one aspect when applying which was very important to me was to go to a liberal arts school. There were many reasons why this was important to me, from having heard about it from my counselors to finding it important to have a broad education. I chose Hope College as the school I wanted to go to because it brought together the importance of God and Christianity and it also is a liberal a rts school. When arriving at the school, I began to find out more about how importantRead MoreBecoming A Physician s Assistant One Day1474 Words   |  6 Pagesbulb in my head turned on. I am just a nineteen year old woman, fresh out of highschool compared to other students in this college, but knee deep in my first semester. I am a biology major, attending a liberal arts college, with the intent of becoming a Physician’s Assistant one day. The question of, â€Å"how on Earth am I supposed to sway the minds of people who are far more knowledgeable and intellectual than I am?† crossed my mind more times than I am proud to admit. 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Ungar is an essay that talks about the benefits and misconeptions of receiving a liberal arts with Ungar on the benefits of students receiving a liberal arts education, but way the current education system is a liberal arts education isn’t the best financial choice to receive is a degree. education. Ungar was the president of a liberal arts education and the essay uses Ungars knowledge of liberal arts education to counteract arguments against students receivingRead MoreA Liberal Arts Education: Preparing You for Any Career Essay962 Words   |  4 PagesA liberal arts education should no longer be considered the â€Å"easy way out† when compared to a career-oriented education. A liberal arts education provides students with many benefits, as well as a well-rounded education. Although this is true, many people still have doubts about liberal arts educations. One of the many benefits of a liberal arts education is that you will receive training in a variety of subjects. You will have the opportunity to take many different types of classes. Within theRead MoreImportance Of Liberal Arts Education1346 Words   |  6 Pages Before beginning my college journey, I had considered what I expected out of a liberal arts education. My number one reason for attending Central was for their education program. My goal for the future, however shallowly thought out it may have been, was to be a good teacher, and make a difference in children’s lives. Because of Central’s Teacher Academy program, their high standards, and excellent reputation in the field, I knew this was the place that would help me attain those goals. HoweverRead MoreLiberal Arts Education : Becoming A Successful Consultant At Boston Consulting Group969 Words   |  4 PagesThe perception of Liberal Arts education has started to evolve over the years. Initially, Liber al Arts education was considered as a form of elitist education where nobles tried to expand on their knowledge on different topics rather than developing certain skills. However, as time is passing Liberal Arts education is becoming synonymous with personal development and critical thinking. While some people still believe that for a secure financial standing practical education such as going to a businessRead MoreLiberal Arts Breadth and My Education1210 Words   |  5 PagesLIBERAL ARTS BREADTH AND MY EDUCATION 3 Liberal Arts Breadth and My Education There are many benefits to getting a Liberal Arts degree in today’s economic market. It is a message to your employer that you are willing to take on new information, and learn more then what is necessary to succeed. It shows initiative and the ability to expand your horizons beyond yourself. In a Liberal Arts education there is more purpose then just learning the career field of choice. 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I find Murray’s argument to be more convincing because when considering the question of, â€Å"Why go to college?†, one should always be aware of the payoff that their occupation may yield. It is also for that reason that I again agree with Murray, that a liberal education needs to be more readily available

Physical Education Free Essays

string(97) " and knowledge about one’s body and its requirements contribute immensely to physical fitness\." Definition of Physical Education Physical Education is the process by which changes in the individual are bought about through movements’ experiences. Physical Education aims not only at physical development but is also concerned with education of the whole person through physical activities. Allied Fields Health: Health Instruction Health Services Environmental Health Recreation Dance These fields share many purposes with physical education, exercise science, and sport, but the content of the subject matter and methods to reach their goals are different. We will write a custom essay sample on Physical Education or any similar topic only for you Order Now Definition of Terms Health: a state of positive well-being associated with freedom from disease or illness. Wellness: a state of positive biological and psychological well-being that encompasses a sense of well-being and quality of life. Holistic Health: the physical, mental, emotional, spiritual, social, environmental, and genetic factors’ influence on an individual’s life. (similar to wellness) Quality of Life: overall sense of well-being that has a different meaning for each individual. Physical activity: any bodily movement produced by the contraction of the skeletal muscles that increases energy expenditure above the baseline level. Exercise: physical activity that is planned, structured, and repetitive with the purpose of developing, improving, or maintaining physical fitness. Physical Fitness: the ability to perform daily tasks with vigor and without undue fatigue, and with sufficient energy to engage in leisure-time pursuits, to meet unforeseen emergencies, and the vitality to perform at one’s fullest capacity. Misconceptions about Physical Education 1. Interscholastic athletics and physical education are the same. 2. Physical education is a rest period between academic classes. 3. Anyone can teach physical education, no professional training is needed. 4. Physical education instructors belong on an academic level below other instructors. 5. Physical education classes are free play periods. 6. Physical education classes are designed to give other teachers a free period. 7. Physical education is primarily to relieve tensions built up in other classes. 8. Physical education is a ‘do as I like’ class. 9. Physical education does not have the same academic prestige and importance as other classes. 10. Physical education is not necessary for elementary school students. 1. Physical education has as its main objective the development of muscles. 12. Girls should not be given tumbling because it injures their internal organs. 13. A major in physical education means learning and playing games. 14. A women physical education person has to be rough and tough in order to qualify for the profession. 15. Physical educators are not cultured people. 16. Physical ed ucation teachers are below average in intelligence. 17. A person should go into the physical education profession if wants to go through college without having to work and study. 18. A physical education teacher tosses out a ball, blows a whistle now and then, and that is the extent of his teaching. 19. I took a long walk today, therefore I have had my physical education. 20. To participate well in physical education activities means that one needs more muscle than intelligence. 21. Physical education is simply calisthenics and athletics. 22. Physical education is only education of the physical. 23. All coaches are trained physical education instructors. 24. Physical education is not taught by professional people. 25. Physical education is a recess period. 6. There is no knowledge factor related to physical education, therefore we have nothing to contribute to general education. 27. Women do not need physical education, because they have no need to develop muscles. 28. Top athletes should be excused from all physical education classes. 29. Children should not fail physical education because it plays no part in the total education. 30. Physical education classes c an be taught from an office. 31. Physical education does not educate all, only a few. 32. Physical education classes are too military in their teaching. 3. Only a small budget is needed to conduct av effective physical education program. 34. The physical education class is a place to send delinquent children. 35. Physical education classes serve no purpose unless the individual works up a sweat. 36. Physical education grades have no academic value. 37. Physical education classes should be scheduled after other academic courses, because they deal with the physical but not the intellect. 38. The main purpose of physical education is to develop athletes. IMPORTANCE OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORTS Optimum development – Physical education considers the child as a united whole of mental, social, moral, and physical qualities and provides for the optimum development of all these through the physical activities. 1. Physical growth and development – Physical activity must be learned; hence there is a need for thinking on the part of the intellectual mechanism, with a resulting acquisition of knowledge. Physical activities are essential for the development of a child’s scientific insight, intelligence and superior type of reflective thinking. . Intellectual development- Physical activities must be learned; hence there is a need for thinking on the part of the intellectual mechanism, with a resulting acquisition of knowledge. Physical activities are essential for the development of a child’s scientific insight, intelligence and superior type of reflective thinking. 3. Emotional development – Physical education provides opportunities to control emoti ons. The give and take of games and sports offer scope for both emotional release and the controlling of the emotions. 4. Social adjustment – Physical activities provide opportunity of interaction between participants and others in varied situations enabling them to learn social qualities like sportsmanship, co-operation, honesty, friendship, fellowship, courtesy, self discipline, and respect for authority which promote social adjustment of an individual. 5. Personal adjustment – Physical education gives a full and worth- while experience to the individual which help him to realize fullest self- expression and highest satisfaction from the results of his action, and thereby facilitates his personal adjustment in life. 6. Character development – Group effort, loyalty to the team and stron ties is much in evidence in play and physical activities. They provide a valuable contribution to the development of good moral character. 7. Physical fitness – Physical education through exercise and knowledge about one’s body and its requirements contribute immensely to physical fitness. You read "Physical Education" in category "Papers" Regular exercise improves our physical efficiently, sense of well-being and appearance. 8. Mental development – The learning of skills, game, rules, techniques and strategies, and judgment making equip an individual to interpret new situations effectively. Physical education programme also make an individual aware regarding the importance of sanitation, health and hygienic, prevention of disease, balance diet and health habits hereby improving his mental development. Relationship between Physical and health education Health education gives students the knowledge and skills to thrive physically, mentally, emotionally, and socially. It contributes to students’ ability to successfully practice behaviors that protect and promote health, and avoid and reduce health risks. Health education helps students to determine personal values and group norms that support healthy behaviors. Through comprehensive health education, students learn basic health concepts and influences on health. They develop the skills required to adopt, practice, and maintain health-enhancing and safe behaviors. These skills include: analyzing the reliability and validity of media and health resources; communicating effectively using refusal and conflict management skills; setting goals; and making healthy decisions. Health education helps students to be better consumers of information, manage stress, and make healthy decisions in the face of conflicting messages. It assists them in living healthier lives. Physical education provides students with the skills and knowledge needed to support participation in a wide variety of physical activities that contribute to an active lifestyle. Physical education provides building blocks for skill development, skill analysis, physical fitness, stress reduction, decision-making, and positive social skills. Students learn to assess and set goals, evaluate their own physical fitness, and use the knowledge to maintain or improve their current fitness level. Students who participate in physical education on a regular basis learn the benefits of physical activity and its contribution to a healthy lifestyle. Recreation is an activity of leisure, leisure being discretionary time. The â€Å"need to do something for recreation† is an essential element of human biology and psychology. Recreational activities are often done for enjoyment, amusement, or pleasure and are considered to be â€Å"fun†. The term recreation implies participation to be healthy refreshing mind and body. Recreation has many health benefits, and, accordingly, recreational therapy has been developed to take advantage of this effect. Such therapy is applied in rehabilitation, and in the care of the elderly, the disabled, or people with chronic diseases. Recreational physical activity is important to reduce obesity, and the risk of osteoporosis and of cancer, most significantly in men that of colon and prostate, and in women that of the breast; however, not all malignancies are reduced as outdoor recreation has been linked to a higher risk of melanoma. Extreme adventure recreation naturally carries its own hazards. AIMS AND OBJECTIVE OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION (i) To develop the organic systems of the body; It is recognized that our feelings, emotions, thoughts and achievements are influenced to a considerable extent by the physiological process of the body. The development of the organic vigor is dependent on a wide selection of activities and so conducted that the normal functions of the body are developed and improved. (ii) To develop euro-muscular co-ordination or skill; A good deal of physical activities helps the individuals and groups to develop certain skill, which gives satisfaction and happiness in a variety of ways during leisure times. Being physically illiterate many people do not know how to enjoy their leisure and become unhappy and maladjusted. Individual and group play activities enable people to give wholesome expression to their innate desires and interests, (iii) To develop right attitude towards and physical activities in general; Programme of physical education is based on sound psychological principles. It develops amongst the individuals wholesome attitudes towards play and physical activities and cultivates recreational and hobbies. (iv) To develop a desirable social attitudes and conduct; By giving emphasis on ethical values inherent in Playing games with and against others the desirable social attitudes and conduct can be developed through a programme of well organized physical activities. It gives opportunity for social contact, group living, and self adjustment with the group. (v) Development of psychomotor skills; vi) Development of understanding and appreciation of the techniques and strategies of sports; (vii) Preparation for leisure time; (viii) Elimination of worries and anxieties through developing appropriate interests and habits of engaging in exercise and sports; (iv) Attainment of knowledge of proper health procedure as related to physical exercise. (x) To develop correct health habits; A rational programme of physical activities can stimulate the participant to deve lop favorable attitudes and habits in physical, mental, moral, social and emotional health. xi) To serve as an out let for surplus energy, which if pent up, make the child tens, nervous and irritable. (xii) To meet the challenge of growing indiscipline among the student community by instilling in the younger generation a sense of patriotism, self-reliance and discipline. (xiii) To give adequate scope for bringing out the aptitudes and talents of the child. (xiv) To promote the spirit of certain qualities like sports-man ship, team spirit, leadership, patience, self-restrain co-operation, sociability and those other qualities of character and citizenship. PHILOSOPHY OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION In physical education the student should be the most important aspect. Physical education should be a student centered course that allows for students to experience a substantial amount of learning and realize as well as experience the benefits of a physically active and healthy lifestyle. It needs to educate, encourage and help students to improve their physical fitness. It should be an inclusive course were all participants are welcome, encouraged and feel safe. It needs to be adaptive so that all skill levels and learning capacities are accommodated. A place where students are taught about transfer and interdisciplinary learning occurs. Physical education should promote goal-setting, teamwork, respect, and responsibility. Students should be provided with motivation to accomplish these goals, work well with their peers, respect themselves, and take on responsibility. They should gain valuable personal and social skills that will benefit them for the rest of their lives. Physical education also needs to educate students on the basic movement patterns to help them build a solid base which allows for safe participation in lifelong physical activity. It needs to be taught by an active, engaging, and caring physical educator who promotes lifelong learning to all students. The teacher should act as a facilitator and help students in achieving objectives and goals. The teacher needs to deliver the curriculum through effective teaching strategies and effectively evaluate. Lastly, it is essential that physical education is fun, exciting, and challenging! The Principle of Use/Disuse The Principle of Use/Disuse implies that when it comes to fitness, you â€Å"use it or lose it. † This simply means that your muscles hypertrophy with use and atrophy with disuse. This also explains why we decondition or lose fitness when we stop exercise. HEALTH EDUCATION Health education is the profession of educating people about health. [1] Areas within this profession encompass environmental health, physical health, social health, emotional health, intellectual health, and spiritual health. [2] It can be defined as the principle by which individuals and groups of people learn to behave in a manner conducive to the promotion, maintenance, or restoration of health. However, as there are multiple definitions of health, there are also multiple definitions of health education. The Joint Committee on Health Education and Promotion Terminology of 2001 defined Health Education as â€Å"any combination of planned learning experiences based on sound theories that provide individuals, groups, and communities the opportunity to acquire information and the skills needed to make quality health decisions. † [3] The World Health Organization defined Health Education as â€Å"compris[ing] [of] consciously constructed opportunities for learning involving some form of communication designed to improve health literacy, including improving knowledge, and developing life skills which are conducive to individual and community health. The well being fo a nation depends on healthy citizes of that country. the country can’t launch any developmental planning or work in the absence of healthy manpower. health education begins with the start of life and extends throughout the span of existence, in home, school, and community health. every branch of community health has an educational aspect of health. in fact, community health is just health education, and every community health worker is a health educator. the objective of health education is ‘to win friends and influence people’. lthough health education has unique characteristics in each of these settings, a common thread runs through them all, giving unity of purpose and of direction. this common thread may be thought of as the needs of individuals; needs that are the byproducts of life itself. the term ‘Health Education’ means many things to many people. numerous individuals and groups have attempted to define it. for some,it is an educational force, or a process by which agents of education such as the teacher, nurse or parents exert their influence on individuals in such a way as to impress behaviour. or, others, it is the product of these forces, that is, th changes that occur in individuals. Scope of Health Education – Health Education is the broad ar ea. There is no limitation of Health Education. Health Education can simply dears the every part of human and another living beings health generally there are some scope of the Health Education . a) Personal Health – It deals about personal education ; problem about health. b) Sanitation – it defines about the necessity od sanitation in human life ; kinds of sanitation. ) Disease – It introduces the many kinds of disease and it’s impact method to safety from it d) Nutritation and narcotics – Nutrition chapter deals and defines the necessary nutriction to human body. Narcotis ia a kinds of drug it is dangerous to our health. e) Sefety education and first aid – It denotes the education such helps to safe from accident and makes small treatment. f) Human body System – It deals structure function of all, external organ of human body system of human body etc. Factors Influencing Health Genetic Influences * Race * Sex * Genetically Transm itted Diseases Behavioral Influences Tobacco use * Unhealthy diet * Inadequate activity * Alcohol and drug use * Risky sexual behaviors * Behaviors leading to intentional/unintentional injury Environmental Influences * Indirect Health Risks * Adequate housing * Family composition * Education level of parents * Economic status of parents * culture * Direct Health Risks * Infectious disease exposure * Toxic substance exposure * Radiation exposure * Violence exposure Characteristics of a healthy individual 1. People with a healthy personality accept themselves completely as they are, although they wish to change parts of themselves. They have a basic self-regard and self-love, which is carefully developed and intentionally expanded. 2. A person with a healthy personality has an ability to communicate with anyone. Such person shows understanding and compassion. He/she can listen to others with a great patience. 3. Healthy people are quite creative. They possess exceptional zest and amazing brain function. 4. They are competent. They have a quality of being well qualified physically and intellectually. They have some excellent virtues such as being reliable and dependable. 5. They have a great conviction. Their thoughts reflect listening to their inner self and they take it as truth. Such people generally don’t just follow the majority without thinking. They do the things as per their own thoughts, as they are quite sure about it. 6. You will see that healthy people are always curious to know about the new things. They are always alert, curious and inquisitive and are often seeking and learning new things. 7. Such healthy individuals have an appealing, magnetic personality. Their personal attraction and lively personality often influence others. They have a positive attitude and an easygoing charm which make them quite sociable and popular wherever they go. 8. They have a great common sense and presence of mind. People with health personality are quite courageous. They put their courage to a positive use. 9. They cherish their personality, their body, their appearance, their interests and accomplishments as well as their beliefs and values. 10. They allow themselves to be trusting and open with appropriate people. They make themselves to be trusting and open with appropriate people. They don’t feel scared to be known deeply at a personal level. However, they are alert about not to be exposed to be exploited by those who don’t wish their well-being. 11. They are able to enjoy their being with others, particularly with someone in a romantic relationship as they enjoy a healthy sense of self-esteem. 12. When they face any relationship breakup or a personal tragedy, they are able to come out of it without falling into a disabling depression. They have a group of supportive friends to overcome such situation. They hold some healthy interests to see them through crisis. 13. They tend to protect their health, self-esteem and well-being despite the struggles, chaos and drama of the past. They leave behind their past and live in the present. Positive attitude plays a significant role in building a healthy personality. 14. They generally accept others as they are. They don’t attempt to change others to meet their requirements. It’s really a good thing. Over-expectation can be troublesome to others as well as themselves. HEALTH AND FITNESS â€Å"health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity† physical fitness is a general state of good physical health. A physically handicapped person’s body may be physically fit (healthy), though its ability is likely to be less than optimum. Physical fitness is usually a result of regular physical activity and proper nutrition. Physical fitness can be divided into different areas, including: * Flexibility * Cardio-respiratory endurance * Strength Physical fitness has been defined as a set of attributes or characteristics that people have or achieve that relates to the ability to perform physical activity. Health is the level of functional or metabolic efficiency of a living being. Achieving and maintaining health is an ongoing process, shaped by both the evolution of health care knowledge and practices as well as personal strategies and organized interventions for staying healthy. DENTAL HEALTH It’s important to take care of your mouth and teeth starting in childhood. If you don’t, you could have problems with your teeth and gums – like cavities or even tooth loss. Here’s how to keep your mouth and teeth healthy: * Brush your teeth every day with a fluoride toothpaste * Clean between your teeth every day with floss or another type of between-the-teeth cleaner * Snack smart – limit sugary snacks Don’t smoke or chew tobacco * See your dentist or oral health professional regularly VISION AND HEARING Types of Hearing Loss Hearing loss is not a single affliction; there are different degrees and types of hearing loss that people of all ages can experience. Anyone from a toddler to an elder can experience hearing losses in th e low, middle, and high frequencies. Sensorineural Hearing Loss Sensorineural hearing loss occurs when there is a problem with the function within the inner ear or with the connection to our brain. This can be due to factors at birth such as herpes, low birth weight, and hereditary factors, or acquired by an over-exposure of loud noise, a trauma, infections, or side effects from medication. Conductive hearing loss Conductive hearing loss is the result of a problem in the middle or outer ear where sound waves are not sent to the inner ear correctly. Conductive hearing loss is the most common type of hearing loss in children and usually isn’t congenital. Some of the acquired factors that may develop this type of hearing loss are excessive ear wax, tumors of the middle ear, chronic ear infections, or eardrum perforation. How to Prevent Hearing Loss Preventative actions toward your health go a long way. Think about your hearing health and take these simple steps to prevent showing signs of hearing loss: * Limit your exposure time to noisy activities * Pay attention to your medication and avoid those that can be dangerous to your hearing * Wear hearing protection, such as foam or silicone plugs. Foam plugs are available at your pharmacy while muffs and specialized ear protection can be purchased at sporting good stores or safety equipment retailers * Maintain the volume of televisions, radios, audio players, nd car stereos to a responsible level * Wear ear plugs or muffs when using loud equipment such as heavy machinery, lawn mowers, or construction equipment * Purchase products with lower dB levels MAINTAINING VISION 1. Get the Best Nutrients for Good Vision Protecting your eyes starts with the food on your plate. Studies have shown that nutrients such as omega-3 fatty acids, lutein, zinc, and vitamin s C and E may help ward off age-related vision problems such as macular degeneration and cataracts. Regularly eating these foods can help lead to good eye health: * Green, leafy vegetables such as spinach, kale, and collards * Salmon, tuna, and other oily fish * Eggs, nuts, beans and other non-meat protein sources * Oranges and other citrus fruits or juices Eating a well-balanced diet also helps you maintain a healthy weight, which lowers your risk for type 2 diabetes. Diabetes is the leading cause of blindness in adults. As many as 45% of people with diabetes develop diabetic retinopathy, which damages vision. Having diabetes also increases your risk for glaucoma and cataracts. 2. Kick the Habit for Better Eyesight If you smoke, here’s another good reason to quit tobacco. Smoking has been linked to an increased risk of cataracts, optic nerve damage, and macular degeneration. If you’ve tried to quit smoking before and relapsed, give it another shot. Studies show that the more times you try to quit smoking, the more likely you are to succeed. 3. Wear Sunglasses for Good Vision There are two good reasons to wear sunglasses whenever you spend time outside in the sun: 1. Sunglasses look cool. 2. The right kind of sunglasses will help protect your eyes from the sun’s ultraviolet (UV) rays. Too much UV exposure increases your risk for cataracts and macular degeneration. When choosing sunglasses, be safe as well as stylish. Choose sunglasses that block 99% to 100% of both UVA and UVB rays. Wraparound lenses help protect your eyes from the side. Polarized lenses work well to help reduce glare when driving. Contact lens wearers have the option of using contact lenses that offer UV protection. There are two types available. One works for intense sun exposure, such as in the mountains or on the beach. UV protecting contacts are a reasonable option, but may not be a substitute for large wrap-around sunglasses. It is best to protect the eyelids and eye surface from UV in addition to the area covered by the contact lenses. 4. Use Safety Eyewear at Home, at Work, and While Playing Sports If you work with hazardous or airborne materials at work or home, wearing safety glasses or protective goggles can protect your eyes from injury, vision loss, and blindness. Certain sports such as ice hockey, racquetball, and lacrosse also carry the risk for eye injury. Wearing eye protection such as helmets with protective face masks or sports goggles with polycarbonate lenses can shield your eyes from a flying puck or swinging lacrosse stick. Elimination of Waste The conversion of foodstuff to energy and various body processes produces excess compounds that cannot be used by the body. They must be removed or else the body will become toxic. The process of excretion involves finding and removing waste materials produced by the body. The main organs in the human body responsible for excretion are the lungs, kidneys and the skin. The lungs dissipate waste gases that are carried to them in blood via veins. The gases diffuse across the membrane of the many alveoli in the lung and are subsequently passed out of the body during exhalation. The skin is used to remove dead cells, by sloughing off, and sweat, by evaporation. Liquid waste is removed from the body through the kidneys. The pair of kidneys are small, about 3. 9 in. (10 cm) long, and are shaped like beans. Blood is routed through the kidneys, which filter out unwanted water, minerals, and urea from the blood, forming a liquid called urine. The urine is funneled through two tubes called catheters to the bladder. The bladder is a storage facility. When full, muscle contractions force the urine out of the bladder and out of the body through the urethra. The 1-2. 11 gal. 1-2 l) of urine produced by the kidneys each day is expelled in this manner, a process commonly referred to as urination. The liver also participates in the elimination of wastes. Principally, the liver eliminates bilirubin, a toxic breakdown product of hemoglobin generated as red blood cells die. The bilirubin is secreted into bile and the bile is routed to the small intestine, to be eliminated v ia the urine or feces. Feces (also called excreta or stool) is a solid waste product of digestion. The solid forms as waste material is moved through the large intestine by muscular contractions called peristalsis. In humans, approximately 8. 8 oz. (250 g) of feces are produced each day. Typically the solid waste is comprised of digestive secretions, enzymes, fats, cell debris, electrolytes, water, and some protein. Also, up to 20% of the weight of the solid can be bacteria. If the elimination of liquid or solid wastes are disrupted, the consequences for the health of the organism can be serious. For example, if kidneys are diseased and not functioning properly, the buildup of waste can necessitate a treatment known as dialysis. In dialysis, the patient’s blood is pumped out of the body and through a dialysis machine. The machine acts as a filter instead of the kidneys. The cleansed blood is then pumped back into the patient. If dialysis fails to correct the problem, a kidney transplant may be necessary. Often the donor of a kidney is a sibling or some other close relation, whose genetic make-up is similar to the patient’s. POSTURE Good posture is very important to your health and well-being. While many people are aware of the importance of good posture, it is still one of the most neglected methods of improving health and fitness. Posture refers to the positioning, or alignment, of the various parts of the body in relation to one another. Proper body positioning and alignment are important considerations in preventing many of the problems that develop from the stresses of work, aging, and fatigue. Proper posture helps prevent fatigue, headaches, eye strain, and chronic muscular tension. In addition, good posture can help improve circulation and digestion, enhance sleep, and prevent cramping of internal organs. Correct postural alignment can boost self-image and clear the mind, contributing to sharper senses. In addition to contributing to healthier emotional states and overall vitality, good posture can make exercise more enjoyable, improve general fitness and enhance performance. Proper posture can improve your quality of life. Recognizing the Signs of Bad Posture When standing erect, try to exhibit a natural pelvic tilt. Your hips and pelvis should be level. Your head should be up, jaw relaxed and chin tucked in. Your back should remain straight and relaxed and your shoulders should be even and relaxed. Your abdomen should be free of tension, your buttocks tucked in and your knees slightly flexed. It is important to become accustomed to this position so it occurs effortlessly and naturally. Do not force this position or tense your muscles in an attempt to exhibit this pelvic tilt. By doing so, you can actually cause more muscular tension and aches. Bad posture can manifest itself in a variety of ways. Some of the more common signs of incorrect postural alignment include the following: ? Protruding abdomen ? Hyperextended knees ? Rounded or uneven shoulders ? Curved spine ? Sunken chest ? Unusually flat back ? Swayed back ? Uneven hips ? Neck craned too far forward Chin thrust out ? Perhaps one of the easiest ways to begin improving your posture involves the adoption of safe techniques and habits for â€Å"everyday† tasks. By altering negative habits, you can set the stage for better postural health. Here are some posture tips for common activities: Walking: ? Avoid locking your knees as you walk. ? Spring up lightly with each step. ? Try and keep the pelvis level with e ach step. ? Relax your arms, letting them swing straight ahead. Standing at a table or sink: ? Bend one knee, placing the foot up on a box to relieve stress on the lower back. Sitting: ? Adjust the seat to fit your body’s size and shape. The seat should provide support and comfort. ? The seat should be lightly padded, providing firm back support. ? The seat back rest should arch forward and support the lower back’s natural curve. Use a pillow if this is not the case. ? Match the seat height to the desk or counter height. ? Your thighs should be parallel to the floor. ? Your knees should be slightly higher than hip level. ? Keep your feet on the floor. ? Your elbows should be at desktop or counter height. When sitting for extended periods, get up and move around every fifteen minutes or so. ? Keep your back upright and avoid forward lean of the neck and head. Lifting: ? Lifting should be done by bending at the knees, keeping the back in an upright position. Reaching: ? Avoid reaching for objects when you are bent forward or the trunk is hyperextended. Carrying objects: ? Keep the object as close to the body as you can to prevent back strain. ? If you carry a bag or case on one side or shoulder, regularly shift the object from side to side to ease stress and avoid muscular imbalance. If possible, carry objects at shoulder level or on the shoulder (â€Å"waiter style†) to keep the center of weight over the center of your body. Driving: ? Adjust the seat to fit your body. Use a pillow or pad if the seat is not adjustable. ? Avoid discomfort by moving the seat forward so that your knees are slightly flexed. ? Relax those muscles that are not involved in driving control. Avoid tensing the shoulders, neck and back. ? Take frequent rest breaks during long drives. Talking on the telephone: ? Avoid bending the head and neck to one side while talking on the phone. Choosing footwear: Avoid excessive use of high heels. They can place too much weight on the front of the foot, while forcing the back and pelvis to overcompensate. ? Avoid excessive use of stiff, hard-soled shoes or sandals with flat bottoms. ? Choose shoes that m atch the exact size and width of your feet. ? Select footwear that has ample cushioning and support. Activity choices: ? Avoid activities that are associated with previous episodes of lower back pain. ? Always warm-up and cool-down before and after all activities. ? Use proper techniques associated with each activity while remaining aware of postural positioning. FATIGUE Fatigue (also called exhaustion, tiredness, lethargy, languidness, languor, lassitude, and listlessness) is a state of awareness describing a range of afflictions, usually associated with physical and/or mental weakness, though varying from a general state of lethargy to a specific work-induced burning sensation within one’s muscles. Physical fatigue is the inability to continue functioning at the level of one’s normal abilities. [1][2][3] It is widespread in everyday life, but usually becomes particularly noticeable during heavy exercise. Mental fatigue, on the other hand, rather manifests in somnolence (sleepiness). Fatigue is a non-specific symptom, which means that it has many possible causes. Fatigue is considered a symptom, as opposed to a medical sign, because it is reported by the patient instead of being observed by others. Fatigue and ‘feelings of fatigue’ are often confused. [4] Classification Physical fatigue Main article: Muscle weakness Physical fatigue or muscle weakness and/or aches, (or â€Å"lack of strength†) is a direct term for the inability to exert force with one’s muscles to the degree that would be expected given the individual’s general physical fitness. A test of strength is often used during a diagnosis of a muscular disorder before the etiology can be identified. Such etiology depends on the type of muscle weakness, which can be true or perceived as well as central or peripheral. True weakness is substantial, while perceived weakness is a sensation of having to put more effort to do the same task. Central muscle weakness is an overall exhaustion of the whole body, while peripheral weakness is an exhaustion of individual muscles. Mental fatigue Mental fatigue does not necessarily including any muscle fatigue. Mental fatigue can manifest itself both as somnolence (decreased wakefulness), or just as a general decrease of attention, not necessarily including sleepiness. Decreased attention is known as ego depletion and occurs when the limited ‘self-regulatory capacity’ is depleted. [5] It may also be described as a more or less decreased level of consciousness. [6] In any case, this can be dangerous when performing tasks that require constant concentration, such as driving a vehicle. For instance, a person who is sufficiently somnolent may experience microsleep. However, objective cognitive testing should be done to differentiate the neurocognitive deficits of brain disease from those attributable to tiredness. Causes Fatigue is a normal result of working, mental stress, overstimulation and understimulation, jet lag or active recreation, depression, and also boredom, disease and lack of sleep. It may also have chemical causes, such as poisoning or mineral or vitamin deficiencies. Massive blood loss frequently results in fatigue. Fatigue is different from drowsiness, where a patient feels that sleep is required. Fatigue is a normal response to physical exertion or stress, but can also be a sign of a physical disorder. Temporary fatigue is likely to be a minor illness like the common cold as one part of the sickness behavior response that happens when the immune system fights an infection. REST SLEEP Sleep is a type of unconsciousness and is a state of being unaware of the world. Sleep is essential to good health as it refreshes the body and the mind. If you get enough sleep regularly every night you will feel and also be able to work better. All the parts of the human body work together, although each one has its special functions to perform. The stomach must have time to rest between meals. The other parts of the body require rest, too. They usually get the required rest while we’re asleep. We mustn’t be neglectful and fail to give them enough rest, or they will quickly get worn out and give us trouble. Sometimes, when people are not well or are all tired out, they find they can’t sleep well at night. There are a number of little things that can be done to induce sleep. A warm bath before retiring, followed by a gentle massage, especially along the spine, often will, through relaxing the nerves and muscles, produce very good results. A hot foot bath, which draws the blood away from the brain, frequently will be found beneficial. A glass of hot milk or cocoa, taken just before retiring, often will have the same effect. If the sleeplessness is a result of indigestion, a plain diet will relieve some of the stress. Sleeping on a hard bed without any pillow sometimes produces the desired effect. Always have plenty of fresh air in the room. Keep the mind free from the cares of the day. If these thoughts intrude, push them out by repeating something else in your mind: some soothing sentence or bit of poetry possibly. RELAXATION Relaxation is the state of being free from tension and anxiety: Various techniques are used by individuals to improve their state of relaxation. Some of the methods are performed alone; some require the help of another person (often a trained professional); some involve movement, some focus on stillness; while other methods involve different elements. Certain relaxation techniques known as â€Å"formal and passive relaxation exercises† are generally performed while sitting or lying quietly, with minimal movement and involve â€Å"a degree of withdrawal†. 5] These include: * Autogenic training * Biofeedback * Deep breathing * Meditation * Mindbody relaxation * Zen Yoga * Progressive Muscle Relaxation * Pranayama * Visualization * Yoga Nidra * Self-hypnosis Movement-based relaxation methods incorporate exercise such as walking, gardening, yoga, T’ai chi, Qigong, and more. Some forms of bodywork are helpful in promoting a state of increased relaxation. Ex amples include massage, acupuncture, the Feldenkrais Method, reflexology and self-regulation. Some relaxation methods can also be used during other activities, for example, autosuggestion and prayer. At least one study has suggested that listening to certain types of music, particularly New Age music and classical music, can increase feelings associated with relaxation, such as peacefulness and a sense of ease. [6] Some find humour to be helpful. [citation needed] A technique growing in popularity is flotation therapy, which is the use of a float tank in which a solution of Epsom salt is kept at skin temperature to provide effortless floating. Research in USA and Sweden has demonstrated a powerful and profound relaxation after twenty minutes. In some cases, floating may reduce pain and stress and has been shown to release endorphins. RECREATION Recreation is an activity of leisure, leisure being discretionary time. [1] The â€Å"need to do something for recreation† is an essential element of human biology and psychology. [2] Recreational activities are often done for enjoyment, amusement, or pleasure and are considered to be â€Å"fun†. The term recreation implies participation to be healthy refreshing mind and body. RECREATION Recreation is an activity of leisure, leisure being discretionary time. [1] The â€Å"need to do something for recreation† is an essential element of human biology and psychology. [2] Recreational activities are often done for enjoyment, amusement, or pleasure and are considered to be â€Å"fun†. The term recreation implies participation to be healthy refreshing mind and body. Recreational activities Recreation is an essential part of human life and finds many different forms which are shaped naturally by individual interests but also by the surrounding social construction. 2] Recreational activities can be communal or solitary, active or passive, outdoors or indoors, healthy or harmful, and useful for society or detrimental. A list of typical activities could be almost endless including most human activities, a few examples being reading, playing or listening to music, watching movies or TV, gardening, hunting, hobbies, sports, studies, and travel. Not all r ecreational activities can be considered wise, healthy, or socially acceptable or useful—examples are gambling, drinking, or delinquent activities. Recreational drugs are being used to enhance the recreational experience, a wide-ranging and controversial subject as some drugs are accepted or tolerated by society within limits, others not and declared illegal. Public space such as parks and beaches are essential venues for many recreational activities. Tourism has recognized that many visitors are specifically attracted by recreational offerings. [9] In support of recreational activities government has taken an important role in their creation, maintenance, and organization, and whole industries have developed merchandise or services. Recreation-related business is an important factor in the economy; it has been estimated that the outdoor recreation sector alone contributes $730 billion annually to the U. S. economy and generates 6. 5 million jobs. [10] Health and recreation Recreation has many health benefits, and, accordingly, recreational therapy has been developed to take advantage of this effect. Such therapy is applied in rehabilitation, and in the care of the elderly, the disabled, or people with chronic diseases. Recreational physical activity is important to reduce obesity, and the risk of osteoporosis[12] and of cancer, most significantly in men that of colon and prostate,[13] and in women that of the breast;[14] however, not all malignancies are reduced as outdoor recreation has been linked to a higher risk of melanoma. [13] Extreme adventure recreation naturally carries its own hazards. Recreation as a career A recreation specialist would be expected to meet the recreational needs of a community or assigned interest group. Educational institutions offer courses that lead to a degree as a bachelor of arts in recreation management. People with such degrees often work in parks and recreation centers in towns, on community projects and activities. Networking with instructors, budgeting, and evaluation of continuing programs are common job duties. OBJECTIVES OF RECREATION 1. Improvement Of Healthy Life Style: Man is said to be a social animal. A recluse and anti social lonely person can not enjoy the joys of life fully. On the other hand a jovial person lives a better life and people love to see and meet him. Recreational activities provide you an opportunity to improve you life style and become a dearest and darling. 2. To Provide Joyful Moments Of Fun And Enjoyment: The main objective of recreation is to provide you an opportunity to get some moments of delight and enjoyment, as it is a known fact that continuous work and lack of recreational activities lead to a mental stress, depression and other disorders. People who work hard, but often get some time for enjoyment and recreation, prove their selves the most successful and active members of the society. These people also enjoy a happy and joyful live and a healthy mind and body as well. 3. Social Engagement: Recreation is nothing but having fun and joy with your loved ones. There is a wide range of indoor and outdoor recreational activities. You can play indoor/outdoor games with your friends and family, you can dance or, listen to your favorite music, you can enjoy your favorite hobbies, you can go to cinema with your family or friends, you can go to park, you can enjoy cycling, camping, fishing, hiking, sports, swimming and a lot of recreational activities. So you have a huge and vast range of choices. All these activities refresh your mind and prepare yourself to become an active member of the society, in fact this is the most vital objective of recreation. 4. Prevention From Mental And Physical Diseases And Disorders: There are a lot of mental and physical disorders associated to continuous working. Mental stress, depression, anger, anxiety, bad physical health, reduced hunger, sleeplessness are some possible consequences. The objective of recreation is to avoid such deleterious and devastating effects on your metal and physical health, and provide you an opportunity to live a healthier and joyful life with the help of positive health improving recreational activities. 5. Improvement Of Community Life: Enjoying with your family, friends and other people, enhances your contribution to society. Your community life and relationships are strengthened with the help of these activities. Uninterrupted and continuous work not only destroys your mental and physical health, but it also affects your social life and community relationships badly, and perhaps improving family relationships and enhancing community life are some top objectives of recreation. 6. Improvement Of Self Esteem: People living an unsociable life suffer from lack of confidence and self esteem. Recreational activities and spending joyful time with other people helps you to improve your self confidence. Individual personality improvement is also an important objective of recreation. 7. Strengthening Of Relationships: Generation gap is one of the most crucial aspects of modern life. Parents are busy in their daily routines and there is no time for their kids. Teenagers are reluctant from parents. old citizens are becoming more and more lonely. There is a great need to bridge this generation gap to maintain our social and relational bonds. Enjoying with your family gives you an opportunity to bridge this generation gap which is really a threat to our society and this is one of the most important objectives of recreation. And when you spend some time with your children, your beloved, or with your friends, then you are not only satisfying and relaxing yourself, but you are also becoming a source of joy and happiness to your family members and your friends. This leads to positive attitude, and a healthier social life full of joys and delights.. 8. Environmental Awareness: Parks and gardens are most famous places regarding recreation and enjoyment. These places are of crucial importance in improving a healthy life style of society and environmental perspective too. One of the most significant objectives of recreation and recreational activities is to build an awareness regarding our environmental responsibilities and importance of a healthy life style. 9. Economy Stabilization: Recreational activities also help in stabilizing the overall economy. Recreational infrastructure is of much importance in national economy. REMEDIAL EXERCISES AND MASSAGE Remedial Definition Intended to correct a deficiency, fault, or mistake; lessen the effect or impact of an action, decision, or event; or remove a cause, source, or threat. Definition of physiotherapy The treatment of disease, injury, or deformity by physical methods such as massage, heat treatment, and exercise rather than by drugs or surgery. Physical therapy; may include massage, exercise, applied heat, ultrasound, electrotherapy, and short-wave diathermy. Corrective Exercise Corrective exercise is an approach where an assessment is used to determine specific weaknesses and/or limitations of the athlete. This assessment drives the programming process, where a systematic and progressive approach is used to reduce the likelihood of injury and improve performance. The Characteristics of a Good Posture The characteristics of a good posture include sitting and standing in such a way that all your bones and muscles are in alignment. When you are using a computer, driving, lifting heavy objects and even preparing for sleep, check your posture to be sure that your back and neck are in a healthy position. Standing A good standing posture is one in which your chest is held high, your shoulders are back and your abdomen and buttocks are pulled in. Your knees should remain relaxed and your weight kept evenly balanced on both feet. The Mayo Clinic website suggests a method for testing your posture: Stand against a wall with your heels about 2 to 4 inches away, keeping your head, shoulder blades and buttocks in contact with the wall, slide one hand between the wall and the natural curve in your lower back, putting the palm of your hand flat against the wall. There should be enough space to accommodate the thickness of one hand. As you step away from the wall, try to maintain this posture. Sitting A correct sitting posture is one in which your back is straight, your shoulders held back and your buttocks are against the back of the chair. Keep your legs uncrossed and your feet flat on the floor. If the chair prevents you from keeping your knees at the same height as your hips, use a footrest. When seated at a computer, your ears, shoulders and hips should all be in alignment, states the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Your chair should allow you to maintain a natural, neutral position. Driving Correct driving posture can spare you from neck pain and can even affect whether or not you receive whiplash in the event of an accident, according to Healthbeat, a publication of the Harvard Medical School. Position your car’s seat so that you can sit up straight, with your head no more than a few inches away from the headrest. Move the seat close enough to the steering wheel that your knees can bend and your feet can easily reach the pedals. Lifting Good lifting posture prevents injury and muscle strain. Allow your hips and knees rather than your back to do the bending when picking up a heavy object. As you straighten your legs, keep the object close to you. You can also support your back by maintaining a wide stance and keeping your abdominal muscles tight as you lift. Sleeping Maintain good posture even as you prepare for sleep by using a pillow to support your head. The thickness of the pillow should be such that your neck can retain its normal curve. The best sleeping position is one that allows your back to remain in a normal, neutral position, such as on your side with your knees slightly bent. If you sleep on your back, you may find using a small support under your lower back or a pillow under your knees helps you maintain a comfortable posture. Causes of poor posture Poor posture can stem from many sources; one of the most significant sources deals with repetitive motion without frequent breaks. If one spends a substantial part of one’s day in a certain position without frequent reprieves, the spine tends to orient itself to that movement. For example if someone is constantly leaning over to pick up objects, gradually the spine will start to develop a more exaggerated forward curve of the thoracic spine. Sullivan comments on poor posture saying; â€Å"These problems [poor posture] are often the result of chronic muscle tension, physical injuries or even emotional trauma, such as grief or depression. Conditions like these throw the musculoskeletal system out of alignment, and if not corrected, poor posture eventually feels normal. [2] Emotions, as wells as physical activities, affect the state of one’s posture. Other causes include sustained immobile posture for long periods of time. Taylor, Consmuller, and Rohlmann in their article â€Å"A novel system for the dynamic assessment of back shape† in the Medical Engineering Physics journal, say: â€Å"Low back pain is an increasing problem and can be aggravated by prolonged static posture. [7] Sitting for prolonged periods is a great hindrance to good posture. Poor sitting posture is hard to rectify. Jenny Pynt in The Physiotherapy Theory Practice journal states, â€Å"In sitting there is no one ideal posture, nor should one posture be sustained. Healthy sitting posture therefore is best thought of as an active not static phenomenon. â€Å"[5] Poor posture is affected by prolonged periods of repeated motions, or remaining fixed in one particular position. Fatigue Most children are told to â€Å"stand up straight† in order to have good posture. While keeping the back straight and tall is the best way to have good posture, it will become increasingly difficult the longer you try to hold the position. The muscles that support the back will eventually get tired and cause the spine and shoulders to sink lower, worsening posture. The best way to counteract this is to make sure that you are not in one position for too long. Foot Placement The second part of the posture equation is foot placement. It will not matter how straight you keep your spine if your foot placement is not in a natural, comfortable position. Your feet naturally roll inward, causing your knees to bend and your back to slouch. This is the typical position for bad posture. Keeping your feet in this position will tire out your entire body, which will cause further bad posture. Make sure that you keep your feet placed upright and wear comfortable and supportive shoes to help with their placement. Age Since posture is predicated on muscle support of your spine and your legs, as you age your posture could get worse. Age can weaken muscles, making it harder to maintain a good posture. In order to counteract the effect of aging on your posture, make sure that you follow an exercise regimen which includes exercises to strengthen the lower back. Soft Tissue Injury or Pain Every time an individual has soft tissue injury an antalgic posture iS an inevitable result. This can become a programmed habit. Holding yourself differently or walking differently can be caused by an injury or pain in just about any part of your body so it is not limited to back or neck injuries. Muscle Imbalance Every day activities can develop larger and stronger muscles on one side of the body. Low Self Esteem Individuals with low self esteem keep their head down and shoulders forward. This can result in a loss of a cervical lordosis curvature. This can become a bad habit and can lead to a chronic bad posture. Obesity Carrying extra weight around the abdominal area can have problems with lower back being pulled forward by the weight of the stomach. Scientific term – Pendulous Abdominis. These four cases are the most common causes of a bad posture. This is a learned habit that can be unlearned by an individual. It can be difficult to correct your posture on your own. Considering chiropractic care is a good start. You may also consider using posture aid till you learn how to stand correctly on your own. There are a variety of different aids on the market including back and neck supports and posture pumps. Benefits of Good Posture By adopting good posture, you can prevent or eliminate low back pain, neck strain and carpal tunnel syndrome. These conditions result from chronic muscle strain caused by holding your body in an unnatural position. Poor posture also can accelerate wear and tear on your joints, which can then lead to arthritis. Good posture allows you to use your postural muscles more efficiently because they are in correct alignment. Correct use of the muscles not only relieves pain but also gives you an energy boost because your muscles don’t have to strain themselves and your fatigue decreases. Principles of Good Posture Poor posture affects the entire body, contributing to a variety of aches, pains and health issues. Learning to use the principles of good posture to keep your body properly aligned can prevent many of these problems, as well as improving appearance and reducing fatigue. Maintaining good posture involves maintaining the back’s three natural curves, which are an inward curve at the neck, an outward curve at the upper back and an inward curve at the lower back. This ideal posture is referred to as a neutral spine position. Why Good Posture Is Important When your back and body are properly aligned by the use of good posture, your spine is stable and strong. However, slouching makes muscles and ligaments struggle to maintain balance, which can lead to a number of health problems. Practicing good posture helps decrease abnormal wear on joint surfaces that can lead to arthritis, lessens strain on the ligaments of spinal joints and reduces fatigue by allowing muscles to perform at peak efficiency, reducing the overall energy used by the body. Back, shoulder and neck pain is reduced by good posture, as is muscle strain. Proper posture also enhances the appearance, making you look taller, more self-assured and even thinner, as slouching tends to make the tummy protrude. Proper Standing Posture Proper posture while standing consists of holding your head up straight with your chin in and your earlobes aligned with the center point of your shoulders. Pull your shoulders back, flattening the shoulder blades, keep your chest forward, your knees straight, your stomach tucked in and the arches of your feet supported. Proper Poster While Seated To maintain a neutral spine in a seated position, place your buttocks against the back of the chair, your back straight and your shoulders pulled back. Bend your knees at a 90-degree angle and keep them even with or a bit higher than your hips with your feet placed flat on the floor. Be sure to bear the weight of your body evenly on both hips and avoid remaining in the same position for more than 30 minutes at a time. Proper Sleeping Posture Comfortable and restful sleep is easier to achieve when your spine is in the neutral position. Maintaining proper posture during sleep requires a firm mattress for support and the use of only one pillow. Sleeping on your back or side is best for maintaining good posture. Place a pillow between your knees to help maintain proper positioning while lying on your side, or place one under your knees when sleeping on your back. A lumbar roll in the small of your back can be helpful, as can a cervical roll used to support your neck. Proper Posture When standing, proper posture involves aligning body in alignment so that the pull of gravity is evenly distributed. Good posture includes: * A straight line from your ears, shoulders, hips, knees and ankles * Head is centered * Shoulders, hips and knees are of equal height Some of the most common posture mistakes include: * forward head * rounded shoulders * arched lower back * excessive anterior pelvic tilt (protruding backside) * excessive posterior pelvic tilt (protruding abdomen/pelvis) Test Your Posture To figure out if you have good posture, take the following posture tests. The Wall Test – Stand with the back of your head touching the wall and your heels six inches from the baseboard. With your backside touching the wall, stick your hand between your lower back and the wall, and then between your neck and the wall. If you can get within an inch or two at the low back and two inches at the neck, you are close to having excellent posture. The Mirror Test – Stand facing a full length mirror and check to see if: 1. Your head is straight 2. Your shoulders are level 3. Your hips are level 4. Your kneecaps face the front 5. Your ankles are straight Now look at yourself from the side (or have someone else check you out) and look for the following: 1. Your head is straight rather than slumped forwards or backwards 2. Chin is parallel to the floor 3. Shoulders are in line with ears 4. Knees are straight 5. Slight forward curve to your lower back Types of posture  © 1. Good posture involves an upright spine with slight natural forward curves in the neck and lower spine, and broad and straight shoulders. Significant increases in the How to cite Physical Education, Papers Physical Education Free Essays Some people think that physical education should no longer be a graduation requirement. Individual school districts may choose to offer that program or eliminate it as a requirement. I think that physical education classes in high school should be a mandatory requirement. We will write a custom essay sample on Physical Education or any similar topic only for you Order Now First thing that comes to mind would be teenage obesity, as big of a problem as it is, it is important that physical education classes be mandatory at all grade levels nationwide. The amount of obese youth has more than tripled in the passed 20 years. It is an obvious fact that physical education classes, when made mandatory, would help improve the physical health of the youth across America. It is important for the youth to learn how to properly keep ones self fit. In addition, by making physical education mandatory for all schools nationwide it will help make the students realize the importance of how a healthy body promotes a healthy mind. On the other hand, a good reason why people might think PE shouldn’t be a requirement is because, for the students that don’t want to participate it would ruin the gym class for the student who enjoy and want to take PE. But still you need to keep in mind that it is a good deal that students should get a recommended amount of physical activity each day. If you make physical education classes not a mandatory requirement then students wouldn’t get that. And students could possibly become lazier and the rate of obesity could rise. In conclusion, I think that physical education classes in high school should be a mandatory requirement, because students need to participate in physical activities each day to stay fit, not become lazy, and stay away from becoming obese. How to cite Physical Education, Essay examples

Language Barriers And Lack Of Interpreters free essay sample

These language barriers exist everywhere. They are present in schools, grocery stores, and even the court systems in the country. The court administrator is responsible for what goes on in the court room and addressing any problems or issues that may arise. In order to do this, it is necessary to approach the problem with an open mind and willingness to help those with a language barrier. The first step is to determine and admit that there is a problem with language barriers in the current court systems. The population in America is growing in leaps and bounds and the increase is to just white individuals that speak English.The fact that many Americans today do not speak English makes for a large problem and lack of communication in society. The court systems are no different. When there is a language barrier present in a court, this means that the individual before the judge will not understand or be understood. We will write a custom essay sample on Language Barriers And Lack Of Interpreters or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This makes it impossible for this person to receive a fair and speedy trial or experience before the court system. Not only are language barriers present, but the ability to bridge these gaps with an interpreter has also proven to be a problem as not all routs are equipped with translators at all times.The court administrator is the one who needs to train and educate court staff and stakeholders on the problems of language barriers and the lack of people to interpret different languages for the court system. The next step would be to train and certify interpreters to be present in the courts at all times. Collaboration and information sharing is also a big part of solving this problem. Without collaborating and communicating about this problem, nothing will change. Another method that may be implemented is a form of remote interpreting technology.This simply means that an interpreter may not be available on sight so the interpreting is done remotely by video from another location, usually a call centre. In order to do these things, it is a definite must that there is total compliance with all legal requirements involved. The last thing to do is to look for the funding to do these things. Coming up with the money is usually the biggest problem that faces the court administrator in the situation of dealing with language barriers and the lack of interpreters available. The efforts made by the court administrator have been successful in some says.However, there are still many individuals out there that need interpreters and they are not readily available to them. As society becomes more diverse, so does the need for increased numbers of interpreters in the court system. Though there may be people out there willing to learn to be interpreters and do the job of such, funding is not always available as it is needed to help with these types of changes. In conclusion, court administrators have a very large task ahead of them. The task of making sure that every person that needs an interpreter receives en is vital to the fairness of the court system.It is not easy to ensure that interpreters are readily available in every court in the country. Training and funding for such training is not always easy to come by in the court system as the system is already overloaded, under staffed and short on money. The administrators are working in the right direction, but still have quite a ways to go. Reference NCSC Call to Action Nation Center for State Courts retrieved from www. NCSC. Org Victim Rights in Wisconsin This paper will discuss victims rights in the state of Wisconsin. The rights of a victim and/or a witness to a crime are the same in Wisconsin.There is not just a short list of rights extended to victims in this state, the list is quite extensive. Not only is the list extensive, it is rather explicit about what it includes. The rights of victims and witnesses have a large impact on the proceedings of criminal law in the state. These impacts will also be covered in the fool lowing paragraphs. In Wisconsin, victims have many rights by law. As mentioned in the introduction, there is an extensive list Of rights extended to victims or dinettes off crime in the state of Wisconsin. Many of these rights are common sense and others are not, but they all make sense.Here is the list of rights; -Right to privacy -To be told their rights and how to use them -To receive information regarding the offenders release from custody, and sentencing -To be notified of any decision not to prosecute or if the charges are dismissed -To talk to the prosecutor representative about the case outcome -To be told when any proceedings will take place and to be present for them -To have a separate waiting area than with the defendant To receive a speedy disposition of the case -To be taken into consideration when a delay or continuance is asked for Assistance with their employer if necessary because of court proceedings -In some cases it is a right to be accompanied by a service representative and to have disease testing done and results released -To present a written or oral impact statement that tells the economic, physical, and psychological effects the crime has had -To have the impact on the victim included in the persistence investigation -To receive restitution or a Civil judgment for any situation not paid -To get compensation for certain expenses -The return of any property that is no longer needed as evidence -Any information regarding parole and being part of it -To be notified by the Department of Corrections of any escapes, releases, or confinements -To be notified of any appeals for a pardon and to be allowed to submit a written statement to the court -To contact the Department of Justice with any questions or concerns about the case -To receive information about counseling or other help to deal with the situation This is a long very detailed list that is definitely a good way to protect a victim or a witness to a crane. These rights have a very large impact on the criminal law proceedings in Wisconsin.Not only do these rights make it possible for the victim to be involved, they demand it (if the victim wants to be involved). Criminal law proceedings that contain a victim that wants to be involved are a little trickier than a case without a directly involved victim. The proceedings must take place ensuring that every right extended to the victim is upheld to the fullest extent. The state of Wisconsin takes victims rights very seriously. Therefore, it is the job of the court to make sure that the victim of a crime is kept aware of everything that goes on in the case. It makes it necessary for there to be someone to take care of the paperwork and the notifications of the victim or victims in the case at hand.