Final exam Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Final exam - Assignment Example The following diagram illustrates the model. Source of information The message Receiver Interactive models are another class of models of communication. Though achieving the same purpose of transmitting information from a sender to a receiver, the model recognizes active participation of the receiver through feedback. The model also identifies continuity in communication as the receiver becomes the secondary sender during feedback and the primary sender becomes a secondary receiver recognizes the role of the environment on communication. The model is also cyclic. The following diagram illustrates the modes. Field of experience Message Field of experience Encoder, source, decoder Decoder, receiver, encoder Feedback Another model of communication is the transactional model that recognizes the potential of simultaneous communication as opposed to the single directional scope of the linear model. The sender in the model is also the receiver at the same time. The transactional model also considers effects of time in communications. The following diagrams illustrate the model. Transactional model in an interpersonal communication Time Difference in context Transactional model in a mass communication Time Contextual difference (Wood 16, 17) Q2. ... Another link between communication and culture is the role of communication as an indicator of culture. Even though communication influence culture through facilitating sustainability, culture also shape people’s communication approaches. Differences in communication styles among people from different cultures show this. Consequently, communication forms a basis of identifying different cultures. Similarity in communication styles among people from the same culture can classify the society into communities while difference in communication within the communities can classify aspects such as behaviour. Indicator role of communication over culture helps in improving cross-cultural communication by bridging communication barriers. Another link between communication and culture is the role of communication if initiating and influencing cultural changes. One of the examples of this role of communication is in the development and spread of the hip-hop culture that emerged through mu sic artists and was communicated to influence the youth into the hip hop culture (Wood 159, 168). Some of the communication concepts that relate to culture are communication barrier and dynamism in communication amidst development in technologies (Wood 120). Culture defines a person’s environment and therefore contributes to situational barriers to communication. Cultural differences are an example. Culture also define norms, behaviour, and attitude that may consider some communication trends as immoral or complex and therefore offer resistance to advancement in communication (Wood 159). Q3. The first step in preparation for a speech is earning credibility from the audience and this is achieved through ensuring reliability

Social, Moral and Cultural Effects of Introducing ICT to a System Essay Example for Free

Social, Moral and Cultural Effects of Introducing ICT to a System Essay When ICT is introduced to a workplace, there is bound to be several changes in and around that workplace. ICT is such a powerful tool that businesses can take advantage of and use to help them but it does have its effects, some good, and some bad. Three of the main effects the introduction of ICT will definitely have are new jobs being created, old ones being modified and possibly jobs lost. To keep the ICT system running efficiently in a workplace it takes time and effort of the workers. technicians and programmers will be used to set up the system and get it functioning. It takes time to get all the components of a system together and network computers if that is what you require. Exactly what the technicians and programmers will do depends on what you want the system to do. Different computers will be used for different jobs just as different printers can be effective for different tasks. Once the hardware of the system is all set up and ready to go, the programmers will move in. It will be their job to install an OS (Operating System) on the computers and program any specific applications they may require (this could just be creating a database in Microsoft Access). Once this is all complete, the computers are ready to be managed by System Administrators, Network Managers and Systems Analyst who will keep the system going and may rely on the knowledge of technicians if any major problems or errors may occur. All of the above jobs will need to be filled in order for your system to function to a high standard. You may find that one of your current employees knows how to set up a network and the software you require, and if so their job will change. Changes in peoples jobs and day-to-day tasks will differ with the introduction of ICT. Now that ICT is used they will do the same job, but they may well have to go about doing it differently. For example, if a worker in a library stores the data on cards and places it in a filing cabinet in order when someone wants to borrow a book they would do the same job if they had a computer in front of them. However, they might have to access a database and instead enter the data in there, rather than the slow tedious filing cabinets. This would apply to lots of jobs in offices; receptionists, typists and secretaries would now type up and organize meetings on their computer using calendar software and DTP software such as Microsoft Word. This would also make errors in their job less likely due to spell check. However, not all companies want to pay for the training that they would have to give their staff in order for them to be able to use the system and its software. Some of them may have not ever used a computer before, and it can be very difficult and expensive to train staff who have no past experience with their software. Some jobs will always require training; especially if you are using personalized software that was created for your business only. These days, software such as Microsoft Word tends to be quite common to people and this will know the basics of how to operate it as computers become more popular. Staff who previously had jobs in accountancy and added up figures or wrote personalized letters to members of leisure centre or library may lose their jobs. It would be easier for the company to bring in new typists or accountants who are already trained with the software they would be using, and are familiar with computers. If the company can bring in people with past experience they are likely to chose that route rather than pay for members of staff unfamiliar with the software to be trained in it.

Debate on Being Unpatriotic

Debate on Being Unpatriotic Cortney Matthaey Becoming Unpatriotic A country is not just a landmass or not just the amount of people that live on it or the amount of money they earn. A country is the pinnacle of governance in history of civilization. Only when the people are united can there be any government. Representing such a great union is the mighty flag. A symbol that has been chosen to represent an entire civilization, and the multiple generations of great people born in the nation. When you look at our nations flag what do you see? Do you see 13 stripes and 50 stars? Do you see a nation that has been over many trials and obstacles and is still unified? Or do you see war amongst us? Do you see hatred? The American Flag is the fabric of our nation; millions of Americans have fought for the flag, it is more than a symbol of hope to many groups and people respect the flag. So a question worth pondering: why would anyone even think it is justified to be allowed to burn our flag? Let us think about this for a minute. We must do everything in our power to protect the American Flag, for the flag holds so much more meaning than you think. What does the American flag mean to some people? While out asking people their opinion I came across some very unique answers, one of those people is currently an active military officer. When I approached him and asked him on his opinion he was baffled that I even asked if it should be legal for Americans to burn their nations flag. No American should be permitted to burn the flag. The United States Military along with myself, defend the country along with the flag every second of every day to ensure their safety. (Goldberg) Now with this being said how would you feel if your hard, dedicated work went to waste because some Americans cannot appreciate all that our military does for us on a daily basis.   With men and women who would sacrifice themselves for our nations flag why would any American try to deface it by burn ing it to ashes? However, in the First Amendment we as Americans, have the right to speak our minds freely (Freedom of Speech). In the year 1989, the Supreme Court ruled in favor of the defendant in Texas v. Johnson. Texas v. Johnson, was a decision by the Supreme Court of the United States that invalidated prohibitions on desecrating the American flag enforced in 48 of the 50 states. Gregory Johnson burned an American flag outside of the convention center. (Persily, Citrin, Egan 2008). Johnson burned the flag to protest the policies of President Ronald Reagan. He was arrested and charged with violating a Texas statute that prevented the desecration of a venerated object, including the American flag, if such action were likely to incite anger in others (Constable 2005). With this being said, they let Johnson go scotch free because the act itself is saved under the first amendment. How far is too far when it comes to freedom of speech? A question only each individual can answer. With men and women who would sacrifice themselves for our nations flag why would any American try to deface it by burning it to ashes? What kind of meaning does the American Flag have on themselves anyway? We must protect the American Flag at all costs. In times of crisis, the raising of the Stars and Stripes symbolizes perseverance and enduring strength. When September 11, 2001 occurred what did we do? Most looked up asking for help while others looked at the American Flag. Whenever America had a rough time getting everyone united together, all they would have to do is look up to hose colors on Americas flag and know that everything will be okay in time. Many Americans fight for our flag every day, they fight, defend and unfortunately some become fallen. However this was their choice; their choice as American citizens to defend and PROTECT the flag. While it is the fabric of our nation, it is so much more than that. It is a symbol of hope and tranquility. I believe that the flag should have its own protection against burning and disrespecting. It shows that the culprit behind doing the burnings and disrespect will get punished. The American Flag is the fabric of our nation; millions of Americans have fought for the flag, it is more than a symbol of hope to many groups and people respect the flag. The flag is there because we are a united nation, we may not be as great as what we once were however when most of your hope is gone (for example: after 9/11) many Americans united together if not all and we turned to that flag as a beacon of hope. Work Cited Constable, M. (2005). Just silences: The limits and possibilities of modern law. Retrieved  November 13, 2016, from http://site.ebrary.com.lopes.idm.oclc.org/lib/GrandCanyon/detail.action?docID=10364781p00=flag burning Goldberg, Bataya. Blog: People Who Burn the Flag. American Thinker. N.p., n.d. Web. 21  Nov. 2016. . Persily, N., Citrin, J., Egan, P. J. (2008). Public opinion and constitutional controversy.  Retrieved November 13, 2016, from http://site.ebrary.com.lopes.idm.oclc.org/lib/GrandCanyon/detail.action?docID=10215791p00=flag burning

Abortion: A Woman Has the Right to Choose Essay -- Argumentative Essay,

Abortion Introduction Abortion has become the common focus of diverse and influential debate in various societies, especially the U.S. One of the most confrontational topics argued is whether or not abortion is morally ethical. More than forty percent of all women will terminate their pregnancy by abortion at some point in their reproductive lives (Stacey OL). In spite of disagreement by many people, abortion is one of the most widespread medical procedures performed in the United States every single year. Eventhough abortion is opposed by many people, it should stay legal, because it is the right of a women to control herself or her body (Swomley, 1991). Pre-choice Abortion Abortion controversy can be broken down into two groups; those who oppose abortion and call themselves pro-life, and those who support abortion rights and consider themselves pro-choice. In 1916,the first family planning and birth control center in the United States was opened by Margaret Sanger. Fifty-seven years later in 1973, the Supreme Court of the U.S lined abortion legal during early stages of pregnancy to protect potential life in later stages, during case of Roe vs. Wade. Regardless of the court's ruling, abortion protests have grown from sidewalk picketing to clinic blockades, harassment of clinic workers and patients, vandalism, and even bombing, in the past thirty years. A fertilized ovum is less than the thickness of one human hair. It cannot be contemplated as the "baby". As thought upon by many people of humankind, it is outrageous to pretend that aborting the zygote or embryo is the same as "killing the baby", as pro-life movement emphasizes (Bettencourt, 1991). One of biggest arguments regarding the issue of abortion is whether or not l... ...hild later in life will decrease (Wattleton, 1991). Luckily, today in society, everyone is allowed to decide for themselves whether something is morally correct or incorrect. Ultimately, everyone is entitled to their own choices. Women should be permitted to resume choosing their personal preferences when it comes down to their bodies and reproductive lives. The advantages of abortion outweigh shortcomings. The case of Roe vs. Wade has assisted development of boundaries to conclude legal rights of the mother and the fetus. Although the pro-life and pro-choice group of persons are found, but there is nothing known as pro-abortion. While no one particularly wishes to end wonders of life, abortion guarantees protection and legal rights of women. Although abortion is opposed by many people, it should remain legal, as it is the woman's right to control her own body.

Career Satisfaction

Human beings possess the unique psychological ability to self-reflect. Few human experiences and behaviors define the self and allow us to characterize ourselves within the social world more than work and career. Career choice affects socioeconomic status, friends, political values, residence location, childcare, Job stress, and many other aspects of life. And while income is important in both career selection and career longevity, so are achievement, recognition, satisfaction, security, and challenge. A person has a choice in calling work a Job or a career.This decision usually accounts for factors such as time and interest the person puts into the work. In most cases, the work will be considered a Job when the person has Just begun working, or the person has no interest in the work and only works for the pay. Generally, the term career will be used when a person expresses interest and seeks out a specific type of work, or has spent a considerable amount of time working in that area . A Job may be Just something a person does to pay bills, where as a career is something a person chooses, prepares for, and incorporates into life and self- concept.I work as a mechanical engineer in the United States Navy. I showed interest in this line of work, sought it out, and have been working in the same area for thirteen years. By definition, my work is a career; therefore, I have been calling It as such. I plan to continue working in my career choice, advancing within the Navy's ranks and ultimately retiring. After the Navy, I Intend to start another career In the civilian sector. I haven't chosen whether I will continue In the engineering field or pursue something completely different.A lot can change In the years to come before tiring from the Navy, so I am keeping my options open by bettering my r ©sum © every chance I get. I chose this career for three reasons: service, stability, and structure. When I Joined the Navy, I wanted to serve my country. I felt honor In being a part of something bigger than myself. Serving In the military Is satisfying enough for me; however, I have a wife and kids. My choice to continue to serve In the Navy Is based on how my career affects my family. I place high Importance on stability and structure.The Navy can be a very stable career If a person possesses the right abilities and wants It to be. From the beginning of my enlistment, I wanted to make a career In the Navy and have worked to the best of my ablest. Because of this, I believe my career Is very stable and I have since served thirteen years. The structure within the Navy Is well defined. Promotion guldens are made available and clear, so I know exactly what I should do In order to get advanced. Being a part of something for the greater good, having stability, and structure provide for an overall career satisfaction.Work Is obviously a necessity In order to support a family. If I have to work, I may as well enjoy what I do. I have luckily been able to c ontinue a career In the area I take pleasure and excel In. My personality traits fit the work that I do, and I have Identified the traits I would Like to Improve on In order to continually develop my career. I am satisfied with what I have chosen. I am looking forward to the changes that will soon come as I progress In work and life. Career Satisfaction By red rocketed concept. I work as a mechanical engineer in the United States Navy.I showed thirteen years. By definition, my work is a career; therefore, I have been calling it as such. I plan to continue working in my career choice, advancing within the Navy's ranks and ultimately retiring. After the Navy, I intend to start another career in the civilian sector. I haven't chosen whether I will continue in the engineering field or pursue something completely different. A lot can change in the years to come before retiring from the Navy, so I am keeping my options open by bettering my r ©sum © structure. When I Joined the Navy, I wanted to serve my country.I felt honor in being part of something bigger than myself. Serving in the military is satisfying enough for me; however, I have a wife and kids. My choice to continue to serve in the Navy is based on how my career affects my family. I place high importance on stability and structure. The Navy can be a very stable career if a person possesses the right abilities and wants it to be. From the beginning of my enlistment, I wanted to make a career in the Navy and have worked to the best of my abilities. Because of this, I believe my career is very stable and I have since served thirteen years.The structure within the Navy is well defined. Promotion guidelines are made available and clear, so I know exactly what I should do in order to get advanced. Being a part of something for the greater good, having stability, and structure provide for an overall career satisfaction. Work is obviously a necessity in order to support a family. If I career in the area I take pleasure and excel in. My personality traits fit the work that I do, and I have identified the traits I would like to improve on in order to continually the changes that will soon come as I progress in work and life.

Mighty Ducks: Movie Critique

Movie Critique: The Mighty Ducks – 1 Introduction The first â€Å"The Mighty Ducks† movie raises numerous aspects of sociology in sport that will be analyzed in this paper. The two aspects of sociology in sport that were prevalent in the Mighty Ducks movie were: ethics and gender. This movie provides an example of a character who begins the story as a morally bankrupt individual with a â€Å"win at all cost† attitude. Through his experience coaching a young hockey team, Bombay learns the true meaning of sport and transforms into ethically and morally sound individual.The first installment of the Mighty Ducks trilogy also presents an interesting case of a female skater who fulfills the stereotype that girls should figure skate and boys should play hockey. However, the mere inclusion of a girl on a boys hockey team also served to challenge the stereotype at a time when women’s hockey was not nearly as accepted as it is today. The Mighty Ducks Movie provides a study into an ethical transformation, and provides examples of both conforming and challenging gender stereotypes, while providing an engaging story in which appeals to members of society young and old alike.Ethics: In the sporting world, athletes, coaches, managers, and fans face times when they must make ethical decisions. The moral values and character of the individual may be challenged during many different circumstances. Sometimes this will occur spontaneously within ones subconscious, other occasions it is thought out over a period of time. The Mighty Duck movie poses several situations in which the character’s ethics are in question. Early in the movie, Coach Bombay is sentenced to community service in which he must coach a pewee hockey team.This suggests the idea that sport alone has the capacity to teach morality and that it can eliminate deviance. This thinking leans predominantly on the positive aspects of sport, however in doing so, the movie neglected to quest ion the morality of the â€Å"win at all cost† mentality Bombay demonstrated in the courtroom and during his earlier playing days. Fortunately, in real life, organized hockey associations in Canada would avoid selecting a head coach who has the power to influence and mould young minds in the manner shown in the movie.If a convicted drunk driver were to be ordered to serve community service, he or she would already have demonstrated a lack of judgement and ethical standards required to coach minor hockey. â€Å"The leadership style of a coach and the strategies they employ in decision-making in the sport setting may have a direct and lasting impact youth† (Kowalski et al. , 2007). Ethically, coaches must be held to a higher set of standards than average members of society. It is the standards put in place by sport organizations that is intended to ensure that all coaches meet or exceed the ethical requirements expected of them by society.Realistically, theses standards may not always be attainable, particularly in a situation shown in the movie in which financial hardships serves to limit the resources the team has available. However, the Mighty Ducks movie does raise the question of ethical standards for coaches. Early in the movie, there is a scene in which Bombay recalls his own experience in hockey during a championship game in which he was needed to score on a penalty shot. His old coach stated to him â€Å"If you don’t make this shot you’re not only letting me down you’re letting the team down† (Walt Disney Pictures).This had a profoundly negative impact on the ethical development of Bombay at a young age lead him to the selfish, egotistical, and unethical person the viewer sees at the beginning of the film. Once Coach Bombay was assigned a youth hockey team of his own, he demonstrated this same lack of ethics by ordering a player to fake taking a high stick in order to draw a penalty and stated â€Å"If weâ€⠄¢re going to cheat we have to make the fall look real† (Walt Disney Pictures). While this demonstration of low ethical values demonstrated Bombay’s disregard for the rules, as a coach, these values could easily could have transferred to his players.However, the reality of the game of hockey is that actions such as these are a regular occurrence. Fortunately, through education, clinics, standards and regulations, efforts are continually being made to teach coaches how their actions impact their pupils. As the Coaching Association of Canada states â€Å"when you become a coach, you will help others reach beyond themselves, to reach higher, both in sport and in life. † Fortunately, Coach Bombay develops and grows, both as a person and a coach.Through the guidance of an old mentor, influence of young ethically sound players, and personal growth, Coach Bombay comes to realize that there is more purpose in live than can be gained by winning a hockey game. The lessons and values he gained during his experience with the hockey team in his season of growth, allow Bombay to learn the important requirements of being a coach and a moral person which include: â€Å"encouraging teamwork, commitment, fair play, sportspersonship, and balancing obligations to individual team members and to the team as a whole† (Russell, 2011, 87).Coach Bombay demonstrates these requirements by showing change in his coaching philosophy in the Championship game. Instead of trying to â€Å"win the game at all cost†, Bombay stated â€Å"we may win, we may not†¦ but that doesn’t matter, what matters is that we are here†¦ go have fun† (Walt Disney Pictures). While competitive teams seen in the NHL and the Olympics likely would not take this approach, it is an appropriate coaching philosophy when dealing with 12-13 year old children. Gender: The Mighty Ducks movie makes several references to gender roles and even goes so far as to challenge t he accepted norms.First, the movie initially supported the stereotype that girls figure skate, and boys play hockey. However, when Coach Bombay asked a figure skater named Tammy to join the Ducks because of her excellent skating ability, the male team members initially balked at the idea of having a girl on the team. During the movie, Tammy only had a couple of opportunities to shine, but in each instance it was only to use her figure skating talents for performing a triple axel to get around an opposing player.Instead the makers of this movie should have taken the figure skates off, put the player in hockey skates, then provided scenes where she could use her agility to skate and stickhandle around the opposition. Apart from the dramatic effect of the figure skating jumps during the game, the writers and producers did not go so far as to break down the perceptions within society that boys should play hockey, and girls should figure skate. The girl player still perpetuates the femal e role, as she is a figure skater that was recruited for her grace and agility, not encouraged to transform into hockey player.The vast majority of players in the movie on both the Ducks, and the other teams were boys. This would have reflected what society would have perceived as being very normal at the time this movie was filmed in 1992. While women have participated in hockey since the late 19th century, hockey has predominantly been considered to be a â€Å"man’s game. † However, as Women’s Hockey did not play its first world championship until 1990, and was not introduced to the Olympics until the Japan 1998 Games (McMahon, 2010), it is significant that the writers and producers chose to include a girl on the Ducks hockey team.During the early 90’s, there were significantly fewer girls playing the game, and the few that did were often discriminated against or shunned. This breaking of barrier and perceived stereotypes in a movie targeted towards chi ldren may have influenced these viewers by showing them a girl that is accepted and can contribute to the success of the team. This awareness has also shown women of all ages that they can participate in sports and that it benefits their health and social skills to participate in sports and on a team environment such as is found in hockey.However, the movie does not directly address the issues and challenges faced by women striving to succeed in a male dominated sport. Choicely and Donnelly state that â€Å"strong women challenge the prevailing gender ideology that underlies the norms, legal definitions, and opportunity structures that frame the conditions under which men and women form identities, live their lives, and relate to each other† (226). Conclusion: Through coaching the Ducks, Coach Bombay developed moral and ethical changes and learned to look beyond himself in order to see the greater good.He transitioned from a â€Å"win at all cost† coach, to a teacher w ho guides his players to be better people. In the end of the story, the message was to enjoy the moment and learn from the journey. The ethical journey displayed in this movie highlights the moral values society often witnesses in sport, ending with ideals and values people expect to see in an ideal world. The movie also highlights gender stereotypes, both conforming to the perception that girls should figure skate and boys should play hockey, and breaking stereotypes of what society at the time considered to be the norms by having girl on the team. By directing this movie at children and young adolescents, the message of the positive ethical transformation, and the breaking of gender stereotypes, provide an entertaining and educational journey which has the potential to affect real change in society. References Coaching Association of Canada. (2012). Coaching 101 Retrieved April 6, 2012, from http://www. coach. ca/coaching-101-s1341 Coakley, J. , & Donnelly, P. (2009).Sports in Soc iety:Issues and controversies: McGraw-Hill Ryerson. Kowalski, C. L. , Edginton, C. R. , Lankford, S. V. , Waldron, J. J. , Roberts-Dobie, S. , & Nielsen, L. (2007). Coaching efficacy and volunteer youth soccer coaches. Asian Journal of Exercise & Sports Science, 4(1), 9-13. McMahon, D. (2010). Girls Play to Win Hockey. Chicago: Norwood House Press. Russell, J. S. (2011). The Ethics of Sports Coaching: Routledge. Walt Disney Pictures. (Stephen Herek) (1992). The Mighty Ducks.

Bald Eagles And Golden Eagles Essays - Eagles, Bald Eagle

Bald Eagles And Golden Eagles Essays - Eagles, Bald Eagle Bald Eagles and Golden Eagles Eagle is the common name for a number of diurnal birds of prey, some of which are the largest members of their family which also includes kites, hawks, buzzards, and certain vultures. The name eagle is somewhat loosely applied, as several of the groups are not particularly closely related to one another, and some birds called hawks are larger than some called eagles. The Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus Leucocephalus) and the Golden Eagle (Aquila Chrysaetos) are two eagles that have several of the same characteristics and have several different ones as well. The Bald Eagle is the only eagle species living strictly in North America, and has a presence in every state in the US except Hawaii. Young (immature) Bald Eagles are light gray when hatched, and turn dark brown before leaving the nest at about 12 weeks of age. During their third and fourth years, Bald Eagles have a mottled brown and white color under their wings and on their head, tail and breast. The distinctive white head and tail feathers do not appear until they are 4 to 5 years old. Bald Eagles range from about 29-42 inches long, and can weigh between 7-16 pounds, and have a wingspan of 6 to 8 feet. This makes them one of the largest birds in North America. Bald Eagles residing in the northern US are larger than those that reside in the south. They have a life span of up to 30-40 years in the wild and longer in captivity. Bald Eagles are monogamous and remain faithful to their mate until death. Females lay one to three eggs annually, and the incubation period is approxim! ately 35 days. Only about 50% of Eagles hatched survive the first year. Strong endangered species and environmental protection laws, as well as active private, state and federal conservation efforts have brought back the USA's Bald Eagle population from the edge of extinction. There are now about 4500 nesting pairs and 20,000 total birds in the lower 48 states, and there are over 35,000 Bald Eagles in Alaska. America's Bald Eagles are back in strong numbers today, but they are still a "threatened" species in the lower 48 states. Breeding season last from November to April. Bald eagles mate for life and use the same nest each year. They build a huge nest (aerie) of sticks and twigs in a tree, or on rocky cliffs and average in size of 2 feet deep and 5 feet across. The nest takes weeks to construct and is increased yearly. Eventually some nests reach sizes of more than 10 feet wide and can weigh several tons. Bald Eagles feed primarily on fish, but also eat small animals (ducks,! coots, muskrats, turtles, rabbits, snakes, etc.) and occasional carrion (dead animals). Eagles swoop down to seize fish in their talons and carry it off, but can only lift about half of their weight. Bald Eagles can even swim to shore with a heavy fish using their strong wings as paddles. However, it is also possible that they can drown if the fish weighs too much. The Golden Eagle is a large brown and golden colored eagle that can be found in a variety of habitats in the western North America region including mountainous areas, canyons, shrub-land and grasslands. The Golden Eagle can also be found in Europe, Asia and northern Africa. The breeding range in North America includes north central Mexico, the western United States as far east as the Dakotas, Kansas and Texas, also Alaska, and across northern Canada. This bird of prey can weigh up to 15 pounds and can have a wingspan of 6 to 8 feet and a length of 30-40 inches. Females are often more noticeably larger than males as is true with most birds of prey. Young (immature) Eagles have a patch of white on the tail, and the adult tail is gray and brown. The Golden Eagle also builds large their nest out of sticks and twigs in a tree or on a cliff. The female lays 1-4 eggs (usually 2) and often does most of the incubation. The males provide most of the food while the females feed and tend! the

Political theories of Hobbes and Locke essays

Political theories of Hobbes and Locke essays The Political Theories of Hobbes and Locke In the sixteenth century, the rise of the state and decline of the feudal system brought about the question of authority, whose is absolute, God or man? Should the state have power over its subjects or the subjects over the state? Soon after the theory of sovereignty and the theory of social contract were developed, but even these still drew debate. Thomas Hobbes and John Lockes political theories have been influential ever since they were first developed in the late seventeenth century. During this time there was an outpouring of political ideas, Locke and Hobbess theories stand out. Their theories are both psychologically insightful, but in nature, they are drastically different. Although they lived in the same time frame, their ideas were derived from different events happening during this time. Hobbes drew his ideas on man from observation, during a time of civil strife in Europe during the 1640s and 1650s. Locke drew his ideas from a time where Hobbes did not have the chance to observe, the glorious revolution. At the time of the exclusion crisis in England, Hobbes was either dying or dead. These two time periods are very influential in the development of these two mens ideas. As you will see, Hobbes developed a pessimistic view on man from his dreary and bleak surroundings while Locke developed an optimistic outlook on man from his eventful and promising times. Thomas Hobbess greatest work was Leviathan. In this Hobbes stated that people by nature are selfish and ambitious. He concluded that the only way to restrain mans natural aggression is by implementing an absolute power, whose main objective is to keep his subjects in line. In this form of government, the subject surrender all rights to the state so that it is best equipped to keep peace any way necessary. This idea is essential for the transition from mans nat...

OPM300 - Intro. to Operations Mgmt. SLP Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

OPM300 - Intro. to Operations Mgmt. SLP - Essay Example Here the company has provided the customers with an option to pay for the orders online without having to pay by cash. The company has also been noted for entering into an online auction business in China (Binary Bits). The online auctions provide the customers with a chance to buy several different products like consumer electronics, cosmetics and also food items. The company has used the ecommerce solution for the purchases and has also focused on improving the restaurant performance by buying products as well. The company also allows the customers make online orders to save time while picking up the order (Steiner). This is very beneficial considering the fast lifestyle in China. The company has also begun delivery service in China. Ecommerce Competitive Advantage: Ecommerce can provide a wide range of competitive advantage for the company. Firstly, the use of the ecommerce systems will allow the company to effectively streamline the supply chain and also improvise on the current processes to ensure that the purchases are of the highest standards (Steiner). Secondly, using the Ecommerce website allows the company to develop better business to business relations as well as better business to customer relations as well. Here the company reach out to a wider range of audiences and provide the service to them as well.

Switching from Insulin to Oral Sulfonylureas in Patients with Diabetes Lab Report

Switching from Insulin to Oral Sulfonylureas in Patients with Diabetes Due to Kir6.2 Mutations - Lab Report Example Diabetic patients have a KATP channels with decreased sensitivity to ATP inhibition because of KCNJ11 mutations. As a result of this, their channels remain open in the presence of glucose, thereby reducing insulin secretion. Ketoacidosis or marked hyperglycemia is seen in such patients with low levels of circulating endogenous insulin and are therefore treated with insulin. A class of drugs called Sulfonylureas, close KATP channels by an ATP-independent route, thereby causing insulin secretion. The authors hypothesized that sulfonylureas may represent a suitable therapy for patients with KCNJ11 mutations. The purpose of the study was to assess i) glycemic control in 49 consecutive patients with Kir6.2 mutations who received appropriate doses of sulfonylureas ii) to investigate the insulin secretory responses to intravenous and oral glucose, a mixed meal, and glucagons in smaller groups and iii) to assay the response of mutant KATP channels to the sulfonylurea tolbutamide in xenopus oocytes. A total of 49 consecutive patients from 40 families were identified as having diabetes caused by a heterozygous KCNJ11 mutation through sequencing performed in molecular genetics laboratories in Exeter, United Kingdom (34 patients), Paris (5 patients),and Bergen, Norway (10 patients) were the study participants. All 49 patients either switched from insulin to sulfonylurea therapy or were unable to switch but received an adequate dose of sulfonylureas before October 2005 were included in the study. No other selection criteria were applied. No exclusion criteria were defined by the authors and the study did not include randomization technique. As it was a cohort study, it was not possible to compare the groups. Patients with a successful switch (n =44) had the following mutations F35V, H46Y, R50Q, G53N, G53R, V59M (6 patients), K170T, R201C (5 patients), R201H (23 patients), R201L, E322K, Y330S,

Analysis strokes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Analysis strokes - Essay Example In the breaststroke style, a swimmer swims on his chestandtorso. The swimmers headremains out of waterwhileheswims. Before 1950, there wererules in theswimmingcompetitionwere one race under thewater in the breaststroke (Hannula,2003). Theunderwaterracingproved to be dangerous as swimmers suffocatedwhile under thewater. To date, thesetechniqueshavebeenimproved as peoplechangetherules, swimmers nowrace on thewatersurface. Swimmers are allowed to stay under thewater during one strokecyclewhenstartingand after eachturn. Breaststrokers createlargeforces during the propulsive phases of eachstrokecycle. In the breaststroke, there are three phases during themotion of thebody. The out-sweep, the in sweepandtherecoveryphases. Out- sweepandthe in sweep are both propulsive movement with in-sweep beingthemorepowerful of the two. The out-sweep begins after a swimmer extend their legsfully. Armssweep outwards as shoulders medially rotateand adduct. Theyhave to remainstraight until thepressure of thewatercausesthearm to flex. Thebodylies horizontally as itforms a Y shape. One pitches their palms outandbackandhandstossed outwards at near 90 degrees as well as backwardangle of up to40 degreesfortheforwardmovement. Upperarms should be parallel to thewatersurface, andshoulders medially rotated to allowpulldirectlystraightback (Maglischo, 2003). In the in sweepphase, handscontinue to circle to facedownwardandinward, becominginwardandupward. One has to reachapproximately 100degrees of theelbow flexion, with maximummedialturning of theshoulder to permitgreatestsurfacearea to pushback on thewater.Elbows should remainparallel to thewatersurface. Handspass under theelbows, as theelbows flex maximally. Asthehandsbegin to moveupward, thehipsdrop, initiatinghipandknee flexion (Ferrauti, A., Pluim, B. M., & Weber, K. 2001). In therecoveryphase, handscometogether with palms

Project Charter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Project Charter - Essay Example With the advent of new communication technologies call centres expanded their services considerably, allowing companies to contact a large number of people efficiently. Making a decision about the call centre setting up, the ABC Telecom Company sees considerable benefits for its business, because a call centre will: This document represents a general description of the project aimed to set up a call centre, comprising 10 workstations, in the ABC Telecom Company. The call centre is intended to be a primary way of effective communications with customers, partners and other external audience of the company. The company executives believe that the call centre will provide a single point of contact for all people who interact with company via various channels, including email, fax, web chat and board, phone, VOIP, SMS etc. Such virtual (not face-to-face) interactions may concern different issues from multiple areas, e.g. information dissemination, customer service and support, customer relationship management, marketing and telemessaging, sales (inbound and outbound), employee service and support, emergency services and other areas, related to customers’ satisfaction and telecom business’s efficiency. Undoubtedly, the project is rather complex, it includes a number of various aspects – from the selecting the location to build the call centre to the hiring and training a staff. The ABC Telecom Company does not have sufficient resources to cope with all project tasks by its own strength, that’s why it is intended to get a number of subcontractors and vendors to take part in the project, what brings additional important constraints in the project. Call centre in the ABC Telecom Company is being created in order to increase the value of contacts between the company and existent or potential customers. For customers the value means a good care,

Appraise Project Management Process Groups Essay

Appraise Project Management Process Groups - Essay Example The executing group enhances timely dissemination of information to the stakeholders, for quick decision making and timely end of the project (Dinsmore & Cabanis-Brewin, 2011). In fact, the executing process group implements the cost management policies, integration management policies, procurement management policies and other policies made in the planning process. Consequently, human resource management is well taken care of in then executing the group of project management process. Controlling activities aim at monitoring the execution of the project. Controlling process group monitors the project performance. Controlling activities can be applied in monitoring the cost management, procurement management, the human resource management and other types of management in a project. In case of any deviation from the main objective, adjustments are made to fix the problem. Controlling process aids in the timely application of risk management strategies to cover future uncertainties. The controlling group coordinates the alterations that may arise in course of the project. Additionally, the controlling process group keeps a close check on the performance of all the stakeholders to determine whether they work in conformity to the project’s objective. Closure of the project process is the last group. This project management process involves the termination of all activities. The process validates the completion of the project. The elements of this group are management and project closeout procedure.

Business to Business Marketing & Supply Chain Management Essay

Business to Business Marketing & Supply Chain Management - Essay Example Significantly, the success of an organisation must be pegged on the supply chain as pasrt of the vital elements in the system structure. Observably, supply chain is often regarded as the process of integrating companies and their operations together with regard to the flow of products, services along with other aspects of modern businesses (Ellis, 2010). Basically, the supply chain process entails the contribution of a supplier, distributer along with an instantaneous customer, and this further incorporates the flow of gods and the services of an organisation. In modern business practices, the supply chain retains its critical importance as it is directly associated with the operational wellbeing of the business (Warkentin, 2003). Correspondingly, this particular discussion will primarily deal with analysing the importance as well as the role of supply chain management in the domain of business-to-business marketing. The paper will also conclude some of the major prevailing issues as sociated with the supply chain management with considerations of two different industries, which will include the Textile Manufacturing Industry of China and Chemical Industry in Singapore in a macro prospective. Supply Chain Management (SCM) is one of the most integral processes in the contemporary business environment. It will not be vague to depict that it is one of major elements, which can directly decide upon the success potentials or failure risks of a company, irrespective of its industrial positioning. SCM is often defined as the management of the flow of goods within any particular business context. It primarily involves the movement of materials or finished goods from one domain of the business to the other in a systematic manner, ensuring time effectiveness in each of the stages involved in the supply chain process. The process of supply chain in the modern day business context also involves the

Project Charter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Project Charter - Essay Example With the advent of new communication technologies call centres expanded their services considerably, allowing companies to contact a large number of people efficiently. Making a decision about the call centre setting up, the ABC Telecom Company sees considerable benefits for its business, because a call centre will: This document represents a general description of the project aimed to set up a call centre, comprising 10 workstations, in the ABC Telecom Company. The call centre is intended to be a primary way of effective communications with customers, partners and other external audience of the company. The company executives believe that the call centre will provide a single point of contact for all people who interact with company via various channels, including email, fax, web chat and board, phone, VOIP, SMS etc. Such virtual (not face-to-face) interactions may concern different issues from multiple areas, e.g. information dissemination, customer service and support, customer relationship management, marketing and telemessaging, sales (inbound and outbound), employee service and support, emergency services and other areas, related to customers’ satisfaction and telecom business’s efficiency. Undoubtedly, the project is rather complex, it includes a number of various aspects – from the selecting the location to build the call centre to the hiring and training a staff. The ABC Telecom Company does not have sufficient resources to cope with all project tasks by its own strength, that’s why it is intended to get a number of subcontractors and vendors to take part in the project, what brings additional important constraints in the project. Call centre in the ABC Telecom Company is being created in order to increase the value of contacts between the company and existent or potential customers. For customers the value means a good care,

Business to Business Marketing & Supply Chain Management Essay

Business to Business Marketing & Supply Chain Management - Essay Example Significantly, the success of an organisation must be pegged on the supply chain as pasrt of the vital elements in the system structure. Observably, supply chain is often regarded as the process of integrating companies and their operations together with regard to the flow of products, services along with other aspects of modern businesses (Ellis, 2010). Basically, the supply chain process entails the contribution of a supplier, distributer along with an instantaneous customer, and this further incorporates the flow of gods and the services of an organisation. In modern business practices, the supply chain retains its critical importance as it is directly associated with the operational wellbeing of the business (Warkentin, 2003). Correspondingly, this particular discussion will primarily deal with analysing the importance as well as the role of supply chain management in the domain of business-to-business marketing. The paper will also conclude some of the major prevailing issues as sociated with the supply chain management with considerations of two different industries, which will include the Textile Manufacturing Industry of China and Chemical Industry in Singapore in a macro prospective. Supply Chain Management (SCM) is one of the most integral processes in the contemporary business environment. It will not be vague to depict that it is one of major elements, which can directly decide upon the success potentials or failure risks of a company, irrespective of its industrial positioning. SCM is often defined as the management of the flow of goods within any particular business context. It primarily involves the movement of materials or finished goods from one domain of the business to the other in a systematic manner, ensuring time effectiveness in each of the stages involved in the supply chain process. The process of supply chain in the modern day business context also involves the

Religious Dissent, Discord, Settlement and Religious Essay Example for Free

Religious Dissent, Discord, Settlement and Religious Essay This section of the paper introduces the topic and the thesis. In support of the formation of the thesis, the introduction discusses a brief history of the Tudor reign, and how prior monarchies have created religious divisions within the English society. The introduction enumerates the main concerns surrounding the topics of religious dissent, discord, settlement and religious atmosphere that took place before and during the reign of Elizabeth I. The introduction also establishes the argument as to whether Elizabeth I’s solution to the religious conflict, the creation of a united church, was an important and feasible move considering the politics surrounding her reign and the pressing influence of Rome on the religious affairs of many countries, particularly in Europe. Although this would eventually lead to the formation of the Church of England and the English Reformation, it is important to examine the historical impact of Elizabeth I’s decision in terms of implementing a defined and united English church. II. The Religious Atmosphere Prior to Elizabeth II Overview Elizabeth I’s impact on the religious life in England can be attributed to the problems which she inherited; this section discusses these factors, briefly touching on the religious atmosphere during the reigns of Henry VIII, Edward VII and Mary I. As religion played an important role in England at that time, especially with the influence of the Roman Catholics pertaining to England’s foreign relations with Rome and other parts of Europe, the religious atmosphere prior to Elizabeth I’s reign can be observed to represent deep divisions as some groups wanted to have a different interpretation and practice of the sacred Christian texts and rituals, whereas some wanted to follow the Roman Catholic way. Although this may seem like a small problem, religion’s role in the societies of those times was critical. At that time, the Church had a strong influence on the State, and this was something upheld by previous monarchs before Elizabeth I took the throne. Certain wars sprung out because of religious conflict, and it became a pressing problem especially as before Elizabeth I had to address the re-installation of Catholicism in England under Mary I’s period. II. a Religious Atmosphere Under Henry VIII II. b Religious Atmosphere Under Mary I III. Elizabethan Reign: Dissent, Discord and Religious Settlement and Atmosphere Overview This section provides a more detailed historical approach in Elizabeth I’s religious settlement. This takes from Elizabeth I’s decision to re-establish the Church of England and break ties with Rome. This section also touches on the different acts or laws implemented at that time which would serve as steps in the implementation of the Church of England and address religious divisions in the society. This section also provides a concise but substantive background on Elizabeth I’s installation as Queen in supplement to her religious settlement. This is an important aspect of the paper as Elizabeth I’s background provides the motivation and the decision of the queen, especially in terms of her religious settlement. IV. Elizabethan England: Religion and Renaissance This section touches on the English society during the Elizabethan era. This provides a background of the religious atmosphere in the country and how, during Elizabeth I’s reign, the English society started to change. This also gives a background on how and why Elizabeth I’s period has been considered as the Golden Age of English history in which this era became a point of significant accomplishments of literature and art, in addition to the prevalence of the Protestant Reformation mindset of the people. What is interesting is that although Elizabeth I would stabilise Protestantism in England, and she would be recognised for it, this did not prevent the emergence of the English Renaissance where the Elizabethan society would adopt a more open mind towards the arts and the sciences. V. Conclusion This paper concludes with an analysis of Elizabeth I’s religious settlement and how this would serve as an important seed to the formation of the English society especially in the religious and political context. This section also summarises the aspects of religious dissent and discord, especially as to whether Elizabeth I successfully addressed the deep religious divisions in the English society; this is an important point of discussion as her religious settlement was not just aimed to address religious conflict within the country but also as a means for her to install her legitimacy and rule an era of renaissance instead of religiosity.

The Elements of Class Conflict in Pakistan

The Elements of Class Conflict in Pakistan 1.1 Overview of the Topic Income distribution is a frequency distribution showing number of persons, taxpayers or households classified by levels of income. The unequal distribution of income is a major issue in many countries, mostly in developing countries and in Pakistan it has been a burning since its birth. As the inequality in the distribution rises, it divides the population into small groups with various differences among them, thus fueling a conflict between them. The conflict arises due to difference in the income patterns, employment patterns, wage rates, difference in resources symbolic or material, social status etc. the difference in the lifestyle, wage rates, and the job opportunities in the rural and urban cities of Pakistan cause class conflict, as people living in various locations belong to different income groups. Feudal culture in Pakistan is among the major reasons of class conflict. Landlords have made monopolies which have increased the disparities among the various classes living. Cla ss conflict is a serious problem which causes violent activities such as high crime. Unfortunately our government has been unable to solve this problem of uneven distribution of income, as they themselves are enjoying the class difference existing in our country. Over the past year this conflict has been boiling and will eventually erupt one day. With this segregation of the population into various classes, social gaps have increased and people have become more accustomed to other people who are of similar stature in the society. This is one of the major issues Pakistan is facing, unity among the population is a challenge to the government of Pakistan, but it all trickles down to the fact that the people who are causing this unequal distribution of income are the ones who are leading us. Over the past years, the income distribution in Pakistan has adopted an uneven trend, meaning that there is no significant increase or decrease, thus the notion that the rich are getting richer and the poor are getting poorer, and the result of this is a growing conflict among the various classes that exist in our society today. Other factors such as corruption also play a vital role in this unequal distribution of income, not only at higher levels but at the smallest and lowest level of the society as well. 1.2 Background Information Since Pakistan came into being, the income distribution has been a serious issue. During the time of partition, many people were stripped of their lands, properties, valuables and other financial assets. The unequal distribution of income we are experiencing today has its roots from the time of the partition of India and Pakistan. Feudalism in those days was at its peak and remnants of it can still be seen in the modern society. Many powerful feudal lords claimed lands by force from people who were financially or socially weak, thus the wealth became concentrated and its effects can be seen today in our society, as the unequal distribution of income. Even today, many influential people such as politicians and local feudal lords all around Pakistan are in control of the major chunk of the income that is generated and flows through the economy, which is why Pakistan also faces extreme poverty. Pakistan has experienced an uneven trend in the distribution of income in the past years, as there is no significant trend of increase or decrease. This uneven pattern of income distribution has been the root cause of the division of the population into various classes on the basis of income inequalities. During the early years of Pakistan, the population was less divided, but with the passage of time and the uneven trend of the income inequality has caused the population to be divided into upper, middle and lower classes based on different employment patterns, wage rates, households, social status and limited resources etc. The formation of these classes has led to the widening of the social gaps between the people and has also led to social exclusion of people belonging to different classes. This has been a common practice in history that people belonging to a similar group or stratum, tend to socialize more i.e. people who share common resources either symbolic or material in nature tend to form stratums. As the general population is divided into these stratums, belief a nd ideals change, thus a conflict arises due to these changing ideals. Over the past years, since the birth of Pakistan, this conflict between the different classes has been slowly boiling and has erupted into a class conflict based on income disparity. 1.3 Importance of the Study With Respect To the World The problem of unequal distribution of income exists in almost every country around the world, from the weakest to the strongest economies of the world; income disparity is clear and present. It is also one of the major problems that developing countries face and if not contained in due time, it paves the way for many other problems which are either directly or indirectly linked with it. One of these problems is the class conflict that arises due to income inequality among the general population. The relevance of this problem can be best understood with an example of East and West Germany. In World War II the Allies occupied West Germany and the Soviets occupied East Germany. The border between the two Germanys was famously known as the Berlin Wall. Since the corporate and industrial might of the Allies was far superior compared to the Soviets at that time, the Allies started injecting billions of dollars in the economy of West Germany, resulting in higher living standards and plenti ful jobs for the people. In stark contrast the jobs and living standards in East Germany were inferior, resulting in constant unrest which ultimately substantiated into a major class conflict. Thus throughout the world, we see many similar cases where the major chunk of the economy is concentrated at a singular point, that is the elite or the ruling class, leaving the lower classes with little or no financial assets. Concentration fuels the class conflict in a society and ultimately damages a nation as a whole. The inequality in the distribution is caused by many relevant factors, such as inflation, foreign direct investment, remittances, trade, corruption, feudalism etc. and these are all present in almost every society of the world. Thus the significance of this study cannot be denied with respect to the world. 1.4 Importance of Study With Respect To Pakistan Since Pakistans Inception, the Populace has been plagued with the diabolical issue of income distribution. The seriousness of this issue cannot be denied, since it has been the root cause of constant upheaval in the society in general and also the catalyst of constant unrest, distrust and sometimes violent protests. In other words we have been compromised in a never ending stalemate, since there is no significant trend of increase or decrease of income distribution in Pakistan, thus this kind of uneven trend is giving rise to undesirable hybrid classes based upon this income inequality. The initiation of such classes has led to an avalanche of prejudice, discrimination and more disturbingly, exclusion of significant amount of people from the nucleus of the society. It has also led to the formation of different stratums among the people. With the passage of time this horrendous social exclusion, disparity and discrimination has manifested into an ugly class conflict amongst the people we see today in Pakistan. The mere presence of various classes based on improper income distribution is evidence of its existence. The increasing social gap, distrust and lack of communication between the people, nourishes the problem of income distribution and provides sustenance for its future. The prevailing feudal culture in Pakistan is also one of the major catalysts of the unequal distribution of income in Pakistan. The most influential people or the ruling class has the most concentration of resources; they also include the politicians of Pakistan who are responsible for making policies against this burning issue. Inflation is another factor contributing to the lowering of the purchasing power of the lower classes, which in turn induces a conflict among the general public, as inflation hits hard on the lower classes and has little effect on the elite class. All the foreign investment and the remittances are also controlled by the upper or elite class, thus the flow of money in the economy is limited to a set number of influential or powerful people, while the majority of the population is deprived even the basic necessities of life. 1.5 Research Question The elements of class conflict in Pakistan. The problem of class conflict is justified with the increasing gaps between the populations of Pakistan. Various classes exist due to this income disparity. It is due to this income disparity among the people different classes are formed. Thus, there is a clear and present conflict between the classes in our society. CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW The review of existing literature in the current study area of the income distribution patterns and the class conflict in Pakistan will help in appraising additional information on the subject matter and help in establishing a better understanding of the research that is to be undertaken. Hasan (2002) made a study on the emerging trends of Pakistans upper or elite class which is under heavy influence of the west. The post Bhutto era changed all the pervious trends that the ruling class observed. The elite class now has separated itself from the middle and lower classes and with it, has also lost the trend to use public services. They are more inclined to private services and they are the ones who are embedded deep in Pakistans political lobby. They reflect the countrys politics, society and the culture as well. Today, Pakistans elite class enjoys the most as income and money is no object to them, they go abroad for vacations and education whereas the majority of the population has little to eat. This gives rise to a class conflict between the general populations and thus differences are uplifted. Y. So (1991) studied the causes of stratification among people. The author focuses on the study of politics and history in accordance with the class struggle. The author makes the analysis based on three major components, the conditions of class struggle, the entire process of class struggle and the consequences that follow the class struggle both on micro as well as the macro level. By incorporating class struggle into the process stratification theory, the author opens up new a horizon for the analysis. The stratification theory groups people according to income distribution. People possessing similar characteristics form social groups or classes which give rise to social gaps. The Neo-Marxist theory focuses on the production sphere and is the advocate of conflict between the emerging classes. The aim of this study was to analyze the formation of different classes. The study looks at the various forms of class struggle and the ways in which classes are formed with special reference to reasons and causes of this phenomenon. Strasser (1980) argues that there two principles which are involved in the social inequality, stratum and class formation. It is intended to substantiate the work by comparing the claims of the functional theory of social stratification and to uncover the frame of reference that underlies the analysis of social inequality in a society. The author calls attention to the recent finding of his time in anthropology and ethnology to further explain his thesis and looks at various theories of social inequality, functional, conservative and progressive. Stratum is a group of people sharing common characteristics such as income, occupation, status etc. Socialization is the major cause of the formation of various stratums. People belonging to a similar background tend to socialize more between themselves rather than with people who are different from them. Social inequality among the various classes takes the form of unequal distribution of resources. These resources either symbolic or materi al are responsible for the conflict among classes. Classes are formed as a result of grouping of similar people belonging to specific interests, whereas strata are formed due to similar lifestyles of various people. Rashid (1985) examines the feudal culture that has existed since Pakistans birth and even now this culture prevails as many of the ruling elites and politicians are among them. Land reforms are imperative for a country like Pakistan, but the people who are responsible for the implementation are the ones who benefit the most out of land. The policy makers and the people who implement the policies are in the politics, and these people compromise the majority of the landlords here in Pakistan. Landlords enjoy the fruits of other peoples hard work which belong to the lower classes that tend to the lands which are not of their own. This tense relationship of worker and master gives rise to a class conflict which will erupt one day. The government is not trying to balance out this unequal distribution of land among the people. There is concentration of all the wealth of the land to one ruling class. Chandra (1972) stated that since the earliest beginning, Pakistan has been dominated by the ruling class. The author gives a complete assessment of the class character of West Pakistan. Even the Muslim League consisted majority of two classes, the Zamindars and the traders, both of which belong to the upper or elite classes of that time. The study aims at living conditions of the lower or working class, which are still the same even after such a long time. There has not been any significant improvement in the living conditions nor other important sectors for these poor people, even though they comprise the majority of the total population of Pakistan. There has been a significant development in the industrial and the private sector, i.e., inflow of foreign investment, but to no avail, the landlords and the capitalists are only the ones who enjoy the fruits of life, as they comprise all the heavy investors in both the sectors. Landlords have made monopolies, and by doing so the dispar ities among the classes have further increased ever since. Crenshaw and Ameen (1993) in their study of the different dimensions of social inequality in the third world, reveal that the modernization and the ecological-evolutionary theories provide more evidence regarding the social inequality than the either the dependency/world systems or the urban bias theory. They provide a cross national assessment of the determinants of income inequality. They also shed light on the various conclusions that can be drawn from various theories. Injection of foreign capital provides opportunities for some people, but it also widens the gap as many people are unable to capitalize on the certain amount of capital. Thus only the people who are strongly embedded and/or in the mainstream, are the ones who are able to capitalize. The analysis point towards the economic growth and the development of the rural areas to reduce mortality and stabilize the income inequality. Ahmed (1996) in his study comments that in a rapidly progressing world, ethnic, religious and social conflicts are tearing states apart not only in the developed world, but also in the lesser developed third world countries. Pakistan is divided into many ethnic groups according to the author, the largest group being the Punjabis, who comprise mainly of the upper and middle classes. However social inequality in rampant in the whole country as there are small pockets of people who have similar access to resources, thus forming various ethnic groups and/or classes, which include Sindhi, Pushtoon and Balochi people, who are less developed and less embedded. Even though Pakistan is rapidly growing but there are elements that hinder the growth of people and inhibit potential factors which work to decrease this chasm between the people of Pakistan. National integration is a desirable goal but it has caused a lot of problems in the past, such as oppression. Even if national equity is promote d and there is harmony among the different groups, there would yet be emerging ideas of different stances, and this time around would have an adverse effect. Bulir (2001) made a study using the traditional Kuznets model. Inflation reduces the purchasing power of the poor people; it also tends to decrease the general income thus increasing social gaps. The government can tax the rich to cover the gap but there are only a few honest taxpayers as opposed to the number of poor people in Pakistan. This ignites a certain conflict among the people, as a certain image is developed for the tax evaders, who are mostly the ruling class or the elites. People belonging to the lower class are hit heavily by inflation, as they are already short on resources, and after further reduction in their purchasing power, they are forced to corruption. Lower inflation rates, in addition to the level of development and fiscal redistribution are found to improve income equality and their impact is uniform for all levels of GDP per capita, thus low inflation rates improve the income inequality. Level of development; state employment, fiscal redistribution, and price stability are found to improve income inequality in a given country. The positive impact of price stability on income distribution is nonlinear. When inflation is reduced from hyperinflationary levels, there is a significant reduction in the income inequality also, while if it is decreased further, then there are small gains in the countrys gini coefficient. Kentor (2001) observed the effects of globalization on the income distribution, population growth and the economic development. The goal was to develop the linkage between them, and it is evident that they are inter-related parts of a complex system of unequal economic, social and political relationships. Globalization has effects on the income inequality and income distribution, but there are no properly demarked good or bad effects to it. Where there is a negative effect of globalization on the per capita GNP growth, there is also a positive impact on the trade openness. Policies should be made according to the given circumstances at hand, not by prediction. Hussain, Sharif, Hasan (2009) studied the impacts of openness of trade, FDI and remittances on the income distribution and the income inequality in Pakistan. Increased openness of trade leads to economic growth which reduces poverty and makes income distribution more equal. Trade liberalization has been a factor in reducing the income distribution as there is a significant increase in the total trade over the past years. Pakistan has also reduced tariffs from 200% to only 25%. Studies show that FDI has a positive effect on income distribution, but owing to the unstable political and economic conditions it has not risen considerably. FDI was restricted to only few areas but since it opened up to the industrial sector, Pakistan has witnessed a considerable amount of increase in FDI (poor in the 70s and began rising in the 80s). However the extent of FDI had good effects on income distribution in Pakistan. Remittances, also play a vital role in the economy, Pakistan had high remittances through the 70s and 80s but saw a decline after that, yet after 2000, Pakistan again saw rapid increase in the remittances, Pakistan is trying to open up the economy by privatization. This will ultimately cause growth in the economy and reduce poverty and equalize the income inequality. Thus their study revealed that the income inequality in Pakistan follows an uneven pattern, meaning that there is no significant increase or decrease. CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY 3.1 Research Type My Research falls under the category of a quantitative research. I gathered data and put it through a series of statistical techniques to prove the hypothesis derived in the research 3.2 Data Type and Research Period My Research was done by using the primary data. Primary data was collected to study the class conflict, as no historical data is currently available. Questionnaire provided me with relevant information to conduct the research 3.3 Sources of Data A questionnaire was floated asking general questions related to the issue of class conflict in Pakistan 3.4 Theoretical Framework 3.5 Variables Definitions Inequality The degree to which the distribution of economic welfare generated in an economy differs from that if equal shares among its inhabitants (Dictionary of Economics, Graham Bannock) Stratum Division of people according to some variable Feudalism A European system flourishing between 800-1400 based upon fixed relations of lord to vassal (www.thefreedictionary.com) Income Distribution The various levels of income existing within a given population (Dictionary of Economics, Graham Bannock) Class Conflict Conflict between different classes in a community resulting from different social or economic positions and reflecting opposed interests (www.dictionary.reference.com) Income Disparity In economic context, it refers to the difference in wages of people 3.6 Population, Working Population and Planned Sample The questionnaire was completed by 50 people of Lahore. Questionnaire asked questions regarding the social class conflict existing in our society. 3.7 Research Hypothesis H0: Class conflict is caused due to income disparity H1: Class conflict is not caused due to income disparity H0: Social gaps and social exclusion lead to the class conflict H1: Social gaps and social exclusion does not lead to class conflict H0: Division of stratums is a major reason for class conflict. H1: Division of stratums is not a major reason for class conflict. H0: There are social gaps between the various classes in Pakistan H1: There are no social gaps between the various classes in Pakistan 3.8 Techniques For the analysis of the data collected, the statistical technique of regression was used to build and establish linkages between the variables used in the research and finally deriving the conclusion from the results of the regression analysis. 3.9 Data Analysis The statistical software Mini tab was used to apply the regression technique to analyze the data. The software provided with graphs, tables and charts after running regression. 3.10 Data interpretation The data was interpreted using the regression results. Based on the current analysis the main aim of the study was to understand which element was the major one of class conflict. CHAPTER 4 RESULTS AND ANALYSIS 4.1 Results Multiple Regression Analysis Dependent variable: Class Conflict Standard T Parameter Estimate Error Statistic P-Value CONSTANT -0.0519046 0.421089 -0.123263 0.9024 Income Disparity 0.24955 0.122053 2.04461 0.0466 Socialization 0.753118 0.148753 5.06289 0.0000 Stratification 0.0101818 0.092964 0.109524 0.9133 Analysis of Variance Source Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F-Ratio P-Value - Model 4.90069 3 1.63356 10.81 0.0000 Residual 6.95066 46 0.151101 Total (Corr.) 11.8514 49 R-squared = 61.3514 percent R-squared (adjusted for d.f.) = 57.5264 percent Standard Error of Est. = 0.388717 Mean absolute error = 0.318889 Durbin-Watson statistic = 1.52396 Class Conflict = -0.0519046 + 0.24955*Income Disparity +0.753118*Socialization + 0.0101818*Stratification 4.2 Findings Analysis The regression model describes the relationship of socialization, stratification and income disparity with class conflict. It explains how socialization, stratification and income disparity affect class conflict. As we can see from the above equation that income disparity, socialization and stratification is directly linked with class conflict as all three variables have a positive relationship. Since the P-value in the ANOVA table is less than 0.01, there is a statistically significant relationship between the class conflict and the 3 independent variables at the 99% confidence level. The R-Squared statistic indicates that the model as fitted explains 61.3514% of the variability in Class Conflict. The adjusted R-squared statistic, which is more suitable for comparing models with different numbers of independent variables, is 57.5264%. The standard error of the estimate shows the standard deviation of the residuals to be 0.388717. This value can be used to construct prediction limits for new observations by selecting the Reports option from the text menu. The mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.318889 is the average value of the residuals. The Durbin-Watson (DW) statistic tests the residuals to determine if there is any significant correlation based on the order in which they occur in the data file. Since the DW value is greater than 1.4, there is probably not any serious auto correlation in the residuals. In the model the highest p-value on the independent variables is 0.9133, belonging to stratification. Since the p-value is greater or equal to 0.10, so this variable is not significant at the 90% confidence level. Therefore, we can say that stratification have little and no effect on the dependent variable, class conflict. Questionnaire was floated by various people including students and professors of my university i.e. Lahore School of Economics, Doctors working in CMH hospital, Students of LMDC, Shop keepers of H-Block market DHA and people working as drivers and cooks in my colony. The main purpose of getting questionnaire filled from people belonging to various income groups was to clearly study and understand the relationship of socialization, stratification and income disparity with the class conflict issue. The only limitation of doing this primary research was that the sample size of 50 people was very low in order to draw a conclusion as the topic is very wide and each and every individual has his/her own views on the class conflict topic. Overall people surveyed, were of the view that class conflict did exist in our society and gave rise to problems such as income disparity and it divided the population into various stratums. 4.3 Hypothesis testing H0: Class conflict is caused due to income disparity H1: Class conflict is not caused due to income disparity As the results show the p-value of income disparity to be 0.0466 which is less than 0.05 thus we accept Ho at 95% confidence interval. This means that income disparity causes class conflict. According to the respondents, class conflict is a result of the income disparities as these days in Pakistan the rich are getting richer day by day and the poor are getting poorer. Class conflict is dependent upon income disparities. H0: There are social gaps between the various classes in Pakistan H1: There are no social gaps between the various classes in Pakistan The p-value of the information in the regression analysis is 0.0000. As the p-value is less than ÃŽÂ ± which is 0.05, we accept the null hypothesis and say that social gaps do exist between the various classes in Pakistan. It should be noted that the p-value is very small and is significant. Majority of the respondents were of the view that social gaps are present in the various classes of Pakistan. H0: Social gaps and social exclusion lead to the class conflict H1: Social gaps and social exclusion does not lead to class conflict The p-value of socialization in the regression analysis is 0.000 which is less than 0.05 we accept Ho at 95% confidence level. This means that social gaps led to the problem of class conflict. Majority of people said that wide social gaps and differences and social exclusion led to class conflict. They were of the view that this separation between the classes will lead to a major conflict among the general public in Pakistan. H0: Division of stratums is a major reason for class conflict. H1: Division of stratums is a major reason for class conflict. In the regression analysis we can see that the p-value of stratification is 0.9133 which is greater than 0.05 thus we reject the null hypothesis at 95% confidence level. This means that stratification is not a major reason of the class conflict problem. One of the limitations behind this result could be that the sample size is very small, which is in sufficient to draw a conclusion regarding stratification and its relationship with class conflict. Conclusion From the above argument, it is concluded that there is a marked class conflict in the population of Pakistan based on the unequal distribution of income in Pakistan. Corrupt officials, low number of honest taxpayers and resistance to change are some of the factors which contribute to fuel this ongoing conflict among the people. Pakistan is also facing a great threat from security point of view as well as inefficient monetary policies, which also hinders economic growth. Hence the people are divided into the various groups mentioned in the paper, according to difference in income, status, amount of resources and other contributing factors. According to the results, stratification among the people does not hold much importance, but it is a minor contributing factor in the class conflict. Socialization, however is an important variable in the class conflict, people of similar backgrounds belong to a similar type of social status tend to socialize more than people belonging to other clas ses. This is a common practice that people with similar resources either material or symbolic will from a social group and tend to exclude people who are different from them.

With reference to Dulce et Decorum Est and Anthem for Doomed Youth by E

With reference to Dulce et Decorum Est and Anthem for Doomed Youth by Wilfred Owen, examine how Wilfred Owen responded to the jingoistic poetryof Jessie Pope. " Who's for the game? The biggest that's played" ================================================ The above quotation is from Jessie Pope's "who's for the game." Wilfred Owen was born in Shropshire on the 18th of March 1893. Owen volunteered for the army in 1914 when the First World War broke out. After training he became an officer and was sent to France at the end of 1916. The following year, Owen took part in the attacks on the German Hindenburg line, where he was suffering from shell shock after a shell burst near him. The horrors of battle quickly transformed Owen and the way he thought about life. The reasons behind Wilfred Owen's poems were to indoctrinate the people of those times. "Dulce et Decorum Est" was to enable Owen to show the true meanings of war and to over right the untruthful poem of Jessie Pope and her propaganda technics. ====================================================================== Jessie Pope's poem " Who's For The Game?" ========================================= There are sporting references such as "Who'll toe the line," "Who'll grip and tackle the job unafraid." Also there are parts of the poem that incur guilt upon the men who hadn't enlisted. "Who wants a turn to himself in the show," "And who wants a seat in the stand?" and "Who thinks he'd rather sit tight?" this technique makes the reader feel responsible and pushes them to join up and be a part of 'the game'. The rhythm of the poem gives an impression of a rhyme, like something you could sing to, this is a strange way to write about the solemn ... ...arison is that of dusk, to the drawing down of blinds in a house in mourning. "And each slow dusk a drawing down of blinds," creating the image that dusk is like a blind that is being lowered. The funeral is over and rhetorical question that Owen asked at the beginning of the first stanza has been answered and the noise has vanished. All is now quiet. The long, heav 'd' sounds really drag the ending on and draw the poem to a deliberate close. In conclusion, I feel that both poets are effective, but they both present such different pictures of war. Owen's poems are excellent examples of poetry portraying the realism of war, whereas Pope's poem is an excellent example of the unfortunate attitude cultivated on the home front. The contrast between the two allows the reader to see the reality of the First World War from two immensely different perspectives.

A Brief Introduction to Systematic Living Essay -- Natural, Man Made,

an even larger system of systems. This is not to say that systems imply order. Nor do the terms â€Å"systemic† or â€Å"systematic†, although they are frequently used to suggest exactly that. Quite the opposite. There is an incredible amount of chaos that occurs at every scale, in both natural and man-made systems. Systems of any kind can be unpredictable, and take on a life of their own. One glimpse at the juggernaut of bureaucracy that is the U.S. federal government demonstrates this nicely without having to spend another breath proving the point†¦ I’ve been lucky enough in life to have been thrown into situations where it seemed I was always forced to reverse engineer a wide assortment of systems. Most people call these situations â€Å"problems†, and I did too for many years. My first career began during the U.S. Army’s transition into the New Army of the post-Cold War era. I served for nearly a decade, stateside and overseas, participated in the administration of multi-national task forces under U.N. control, and built and managed the deployment facility for the USARPAC power projection platform. I learned, by trial and error, the ins and outs of the personnel management bureaucracy and how to design computer-based solutions for many problems. Contrary to popular belief, the military was not at all bleeding edge in its attempts at automating even basic office documents, much less complex processes. We still used primarily tally sheets, log books, and typewriters to run Division-level operations even in the mid 1990s. The shining exception to this was Microsoft Powerpoint. Our generals lived and breathed their battle theaters through an endless barrage of Powerpoint slideshow briefings. My first Army Achievement Medal was award... ...its Own Reward Entity Relationship Mapping: What Software Teaches Us About Grammar Cooperative Evolution as a Systemic Norm Specialization vs. Generalization Design with Perpetuality Sweet Chaos Design with Intentionality This Cell Isn’t Big Enough for the Two of Us: The Prisoner’s Dilemma Preserving Hammurabi’s Palace KISS A LEGOâ„ ¢ in Every Pot Entropic Economics 101 Two is One, One is None Give Me My Damn Twinky! Natural Rights vs. Human Rights A Calendar for Every Season Can’t a Squirrel Get a Nut? Regulate Yourself Of Mollison and Gall, Dawkins and Waal The Lie of Dichotomy: Heads I Win, Tails You Lose When You Piss in the Global Wind, We All Get Wet Works Cited http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_projection http://systemic.permacultureuniversity.net/?p=3

Positive Negative Impacts Of Globalai Essay

What is meant by western culture: Western culture, sometimes equated with Western civilization or European civilization, is a term used very broadly to refer to a heritage of social norms, ethical values, traditional customs, religious beliefs, political systems, and specific artifacts and technologies. The term has come to apply to countries whose history is strongly marked by European immigration or settlement, such as the Americas, and Australasia, and is not restricted to Western Europe. Western culture stems from two sources: the Classical Period of the Greco-Roman era and the influence of Christianity. The artistic, philosophic, literary, and legal themes and traditions; the heritages of especially Latin, Celtic, Germanic, and Hellenic ethnic or linguistic groups; as well as a tradition of rationalism in various spheres of life, developed by Hellenistic philosophy, Scholasticism, Humanisms, the Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment; and including, in political thought, widespread rational arguments in favour of free thought, human rights, equality and democracy. The facts of bengali people which are affected by westernalization- 1.Cultural forms 2. Festivals and celebrations 3.Acculturation theory 4.Impact on language 5.Impact on education 6.Impact on food habit 7.Impact on dress pattern 8.Impact on family 9. Impact on social customs and values 10. Impact on rcommunication and technology 12.Impact on film and literatureeligion 11.Impact on 13. Impact on profession related issues Positive impacts of westernization Due to globalization, westernization is spreading out all over the world. Westernization has been placed in different countries because of globalization and needless to say, it has had an impact on the lifestyle of  Bangladeshi peopl. It has out-rooted the traditional Bengali culture and the rate at which westernization is happening to Bangladesh is surprising. Regional languages are on the process of redefined. In many ways instating of regional language people have been used to English especially in urban areas youngsters. It had started get fixing with western clothing, western languages, western mannerisms and everything else westernized.Bangladeshi culture is influenced by three great religions- Hinduism, Buddhism band Islam in successive order, with Islam having the most pervading and lasting impact. Like a colorful montage, the cultural tradition of the country is a happy blending of many variants, unique in diversity but in essence greatly symmetrical. Beside, the festival of PohelaBaishakh, people is now celebrating like other western cultural festivals especially in young group such as-  · Valentine’s Day,  · Friendship Day,  · Mother’s day,  · Father’s day.  · And other international celebrations. Now a day people are concern about how we think about globally, what the other country are doing in their cultural issue, just we observe and absorbing them. There is lot of issues that we automatically know about it; even he/she has a little knowledge about westernization. But, people are moving with it in all the way. Now a day’s every country in this world is treated as village, you can imagine whatever you can. That’s the way people are communicate easily to each other make things differences. Globalization has only one overarching feature–integration. It is all about collectiveness and ever increasing interconnectedness. It in effect influences everything, whether it is a company or a country. But here is a fact, is globalization all the way keeps help to connect to each other or build a strong communication in â€Å"borderless world†? If it is a question, then how it impacts in our society as well as in our culture? The Cable television has made different attraction in around  the world as well as in Bangladeshi household. Foreign movies have come and have reflected their culture in it. This has made a huge impact on the minds of the Bangladeshi people. Not to mention the easy availability of Internet whose reach even extends till rural areas? The internet has opened up opportunities for people to learn more about foreign cultures and places. It has made Bangladeshi more acceptable and open-minded towards change. Globalization has broken all borders. As a result, the new generation of Bangladeshi is more knowledgeable, more aware and more interested in the world around them. In our society, women who were once the exploited and ignored part of the population, now assert their rights of being a woman. Women now have more access to education and know more about their rights and their identity as a woman. Nowadays, you find women in the society who work alongside men. Men-dominated fields see the coming up of the woman. Men and women are slowly being treated equally. Negative impacts of westernization At the side of the positive, Bangladeshi people are involving day by day with negative activities which is destroying our own culture because of following western culture. However no matter have occurred by this way, what people are doing in our society.western dress is another factor that creates an imbalance in our society especially for woman group (whenever girls wear a shirt, t-shirt, and pant in our society, due to feel or sensation of comfortable) which does not permit within our culture as majority of Muslim nationality. For wearing that kind of dresses men are mostly thinking in negative sense. Children are involving some bad works which derived from western culture particularly from cable connection at their home. In some cases, young generation forget to respect their elder one., boys and girls are very much interested on going to DJ party at different night club. And, sometimes they want to live together before marriage which is extremely prohibited by our culture. Boys are using Tattoos on their body also. Bangladeshi people are now a day’s changing their behavior and habit in food. Easily converted to western ideas some cases it makes a question mark in our ethical perspective also. We referred those western materials by like fast food which is harmful for our health. Mostly, the young generation is very much interested on English movies, western music, dresses, foods and other things rather than Bengali culture. Now, young generation and even  also middle age people are not that much conscious about Bengali culture because of the globalization. In this way, Bengali culture is now no more originated by own culture, even it is losing her own value. Culture is the set of patterns of human activity within a society or social group and the symbolic structures that give such activity significance. Customs, traditions, laws, social standards and popular styles mainly constitute the cultural elements. There are many cultures currently existent in today’s modern world. Some cultures originated about a hundred of years back and are still surviving, whereas a few have evolved by absorbing the exciting and major elements of these already existent cultures. In this article, i am mainly going to focus on the two most talked about cultures of the world, the western culture and the Indian culture. The strength that this topic has been holding and the endless number of debates held over it has attracted me to express my opinion on it too. Undoubtedly, western culture and Indian culture are poles apart. There is a significant difference between the two in all aspect. Amongst all others the most noticeable difference between the two is that India has been a family oriented society, whereas America has been an individual oriented society. Openness and self dependency are a few words that define western culture, but Indian culture is the complete opposite of this. Globalisation and mass media has laid the basis of the merger of western culture with Indian culture and this collision can better be termed as westernisation. The damage that Indian culture has experienced can be broken down into three parts which are, pursuit of wealth, complex of the west and the most essential of all the power of western media. Cinema is the most powerful media, hence it is not only an entertainment industry, but is also seen as a role model. According to me, majority of the western ideas such as cohabitation, etc, have travelled through this medium. In other words, Hollywood has definitely influenced Bollywood and is responsible to a large extent for this clashing of culture. Respect for human rights, democracy, free speech and women’s rights are concepts which have had a wide ranging influence on Bangladesh. Even if they  have not as yet completely permeated to the level of the masses. The media is an effective way of influencing people. But unfortunately, in Bangladesh, always the negative side of all good things seems to influence people the most Bangladesh Television, which actually aired really good US TV serials, the Bangladeshi people soon began to become addicted to the Indian culture. They ate, drank, walked, talked, shopped, and slept like Indian people. They still do. As days passed, the number of Indian channels began to increase. Now there are more channels than there were channels on a TV set back in the 90s. The strongest influence of this culture is on children and women. There was a time when teenage boys never watched a single Hindi movie. Nowadays, from child to men all watch Hindi programmes including movies.This success is not for the Bangladeshi culture, but for Indian culture. Indian culture is eating up the creativity and productivity of many talented Bangladeshi individuals.